"mains"

Geomorphology is one of the important sections of Geography Optional for the UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination

The relationship between India and Pakistan has been shaped by wars, terrorism, and military standoffs ever since the Partition of 1947. For UPSC aspirants, this topic is crucial because it …

South Asia is quietly entering a new kind of conflict zone. Not over land. Not over borders. But over rivers. What this really means is simple: dams are no longer …

Venezuela has once again returned to global headlines due to political instability, U.S. sanctions, and debates around international law. At the centre of this crisis lies one key factor: oil. …

Isostasy is one of those geomorphology topics UPSC never really lets go of. It keeps coming back in different forms. Sometimes as a straight definition, sometimes as a comparison between …

Isostasy is a foundational concept in geomorphology and Earth interior studies, frequently asked in UPSC GS-1 and Geography Optional. While most questions focus on Airy and Pratt, Arthur Holmes’ isostasy …

Plate Tectonics is one of the most scoring and repeatedly asked topics in UPSC Geography. Questions often go beyond definitions and demand evidence-based explanations. A smart way to answer such …

The Slope Retreat Model of L.C. King is one of those topics in Geomorphology that UPSC loves to test because it sits right at the intersection of Davis, Penck, and …

If you’re preparing Geomorphology for UPSC Geography Optional, equilibrium theories are unavoidable. They are conceptually rich, frequently asked, and often compared with the Davisian cycle. Here’s a clear, exam-oriented breakdown …

Coastal landforms are an important part of Geomorphology in the UPSC syllabus. Questions on features like spits, tombolos, wave-cut platforms, sea caves and stacks have appeared earlier and remain highly …