General Studies 3

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands sets forth principles for the conservation and responsible utilization of all wetlands through cooperation at the local, national, and international levels, aiming to foster sustainable development worldwide.

Wetlands, crucial ecosystems bridging land and water, play a fundamental role in supporting biodiversity, regulating climate, and providing vital services to humanity.

The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017, have been formally established by the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) in alignment with the provisions outlined in the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. 

The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010, were officially announced by the Ministry of Environment and Forests. 

The National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems (NPCA) is a conservation initiative focused on wetlands and lakes. 

Wetlands encompass areas characterized by marsh or peatland, featuring water that is either static or flowing, ranging from fresh and brackish to saline. 

In this context, effective wetland mitigation strategies are essential for safeguarding these invaluable ecosystems and ensuring their continued benefits for future generations.

Wetland ecosystems face an array of challenges, encompassing both biotic and abiotic factors that pose significant risks to their well-being.

Wetland ecosystems represent transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, forming an ecotone.

Mangroves, the resilient coastal ecosystems characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs, face a myriad of threats that endanger their existence and the vital services they provide to both terrestrial and marine environments.