India’s ascension on the global stage is undeniable, marked by its growing economic prowess, technological advancements, and diplomatic outreach. However, amidst this upward trajectory, lies a paradoxical reality of regional decline. Despite its burgeoning global influence, India faces numerous challenges within its immediate neighborhood, including strained relations with Pakistan, ongoing border disputes with China, and instability in neighboring countries like Afghanistan and Myanmar. This paradox underscores the complexity of India’s foreign policy objectives, as it navigates between asserting its global ambitions while addressing regional tensions and fostering cooperation within South Asia.
Tag: GS-2 IR
In News: A recent article highlights that while India’s global influence is on the rise, its sway in South Asia is diminishing, posing a considerable challenge to its ambitions as a central player in international politics.
Factors Leading to India’s Global Rise
- Economic Boom
- The World Bank projects India’s output growth to reach 7.5% in FY24, driven by robust activity in services and industry.
- This economic strength enhances India’s global influence, exemplified by companies like Tata Consultancy Services with significant global presence.
- A strong economy attracts higher investments as well.
- Strategic Partnerships and Alliances
- India has actively cultivated strategic partnerships, including the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad), countering China’s influence in the Indo-Pacific.
- Participation in multilateral forums like BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has bolstered India’s global standing.
- Rising Military Capabilities
- India’s continuous modernization and strengthening of its military, exemplified by projects like INS Sahyadri and LCA Tejas, bolster its regional and global influence.
- Defense diplomacy efforts, such as delivering BrahMos Missiles to the Philippines, enhance India’s military outreach.
- Strategic Autonomy
- India’s strategy of non-alignment and reformed multilateralism reflects its commitment to strategic autonomy, illustrated by diplomatic stances on global issues.
- The “India First Policy” prioritizes strategic interests, as seen in purchasing Russian crude oil despite Western concerns.
- Technological Prowess
- Advancements in technology, particularly in IT, space exploration, and renewable energy, contribute significantly to India’s global ascent.
- Achievements like Chandrayaan-3 and leadership in the International Solar Alliance demonstrate India’s technological capabilities.
- Soft Power and Cultural Influence
- India’s rich cultural heritage, democratic values, and diaspora contribute to its soft power globally.
- Indian cinema, cuisine, yoga, and spirituality have found widespread appeal, enhancing India’s cultural influence.
Main Challenges India faces with its Neighboring Countries
- Pakistan
- Tensions persist over the Kashmir dispute and cross-border terrorism.
- Disagreements over the Indus Water Treaty and water-sharing remain unresolved.
- China
- Long-standing border disputes, including recent tensions over the Line of Actual Control (LAC), impact India-China relations.
- China’s growing influence, demonstrated through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative, poses challenges to India.
- Maldives
- Concerns arise over “India Out” campaigns and growing Chinese influence in the Maldives, straining bilateral relations.
- Bangladesh
- Disputes over river treaties and illegal migration issues strain India-Bangladesh relations.
- Sri Lanka
- Tensions exist over issues like ownership of Katchatheevu Island and concerns about Chinese influence.
- Nepal
- Boundary disputes and recent contentious actions, like printing new currency notes depicting Indian territories, impact India-Nepal relations.
Steps India can Take to Enhance its Regional Relationships
- Development-Centric Diplomacy
- India should prioritize collaborative development projects addressing specific needs in neighboring countries.
- Cooperative Security
- Promoting cooperative security measures, such as joint counter-terrorism exercises and disaster response teams, can enhance regional stability.
- Focusing on Regional Blocs
- India can strengthen relationships with sub-regional blocs like BIMSTEC or SAARC to foster wider regional influence.
- Revitalizing Neighbourhood First Policy
- India must reinvigorate its Neighbourhood First policy, prioritizing inclusive development projects and transparent communication.
- South Asia at Heart of Global South
- Showcasing South Asia as pivotal in global summits can enhance India’s influence and cooperation within the region.
| UPSC Previous Year Questions Prelims (2020) Q. Consider the following statements: 1. The value of Indo-Sri Lanka trade has consistently increased in the last decade. 2. “Textile and textile articles” constitute an important item of trade between India and Bangladesh. 3. In the last five years, Nepal has been the largest trading partner of India in South Asia. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans: (b) Prelims (2009) Q. Which one among the following South Asian countries has the highest population density? (a) India (b) Nepal (c) Pakistan (d) Sri Lanka Ans: (a) Mains (2017)Q. ‘China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia’. In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbour. |
Source: TH
FAQs
FAQ: Why is India experiencing a paradoxical situation of global rise alongside regional decline?
Answer: India’s global rise is fueled by its economic growth, diplomatic initiatives, and strategic partnerships, which elevate its status on the world stage. However, regional challenges such as border disputes, regional rivalries, and socioeconomic disparities hinder its influence and stability closer to home.
FAQ: How does India’s global ascent impact its regional dynamics?
Answer: India’s pursuit of global leadership often diverts attention and resources away from addressing regional issues effectively. As India focuses on enhancing its global standing, it may inadvertently neglect resolving longstanding regional disputes and fostering cooperation with neighboring countries.
FAQ: What are the key factors contributing to India’s global rise?
Answer: India’s global rise is propelled by its booming economy, demographic dividend, diplomatic engagements, and strategic partnerships with major powers. Additionally, advancements in technology and innovation further bolster India’s position as a significant player in global affairs.
FAQ: Can India reconcile its global aspirations with regional challenges?
Answer: Balancing India’s global aspirations with regional challenges requires a nuanced approach. This entails prioritizing regional stability, resolving disputes through dialogue and diplomacy, and fostering inclusive economic development to address disparities within the region while simultaneously engaging with the global community.
FAQ: What strategies can India adopt to mitigate the paradox of its global rise and regional decline?
Answer: India can adopt a multifaceted approach that emphasizes proactive diplomacy, economic integration, and confidence-building measures within its region. Strengthening regional institutions, promoting people-to-people exchanges, and investing in infrastructure projects can foster greater cooperation and stability, complementing India’s global ambitions.
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