Introduction:
The 2020 draft EIA Notification, replacing the 2006 version under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, anticipates and addresses early-stage environmental impacts. It aims to minimize adverse effects, align projects with the local environment, and present findings and options to decision-makers.
Body:
Environmental Effects of Infrastructure Projects:
- Deforestation and Habitat Destruction: Projects like roads and railways involve clearing forests, causing biodiversity loss and habitat destruction for flora and fauna.
- Pollution: Construction activities generate air, water, noise, and land pollution, posing environmental and health risks.
- Land Degradation: Excavation and mining lead to soil erosion, reducing fertility and contributing to long-term land degradation.
- Displacement of Communities: Large projects require land acquisition, displacing indigenous communities without proper rehabilitation.
- Wildlife Disruption: Development fragments wildlife habitats, affecting migration routes and causing human-wildlife conflicts.
Significance of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Minimizing Impacts:
- Biodiversity and Forest Protection: EIA evaluates ecosystem risks, aiding in project design to minimize harm to wildlife and habitats.
- Pollution Control: EIA assesses pollutants, guiding the implementation of measures to reduce air and water contamination.
- Coastal Ecosystem Preservation: EIA safeguards coastal areas, promoting sustainable practices and protecting biodiversity and habitats.
Conclusion:
Enhancing EIA ensures sustainable development, addressing environmental impacts from infrastructure projects. Countries can achieve balanced growth by conserving the environment alongside economic progress.
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