UPSC Mains – The role of e-governance in advancing the efficiency, transparency, and accountability of governance is pivotal. Examine the factors that hinder the enhancement of these attributes. (15M, 250 words)

Introduction:

E-governance utilizes information and communication technology (ICT) to offer government services, share information, and streamline interactions between government and citizens, businesses, and other government agencies.

E-Governance has significantly improved efficiency, transparency, and accountability through various initiatives:

Effectiveness:

• One-Stop Portals: Platforms like the UMANG app consolidate over 1200 services, reducing the need for multiple visits and enhancing citizen-government interactions.
• Paperless Transactions: The e-office initiative minimizes manual handling, conserving resources and enhancing efficiency.
• Speedy Processes: E-Governance, as seen in the Andhra Pradesh Government’s Seva initiative, reduces delays in service provision.

Transparency:

• Real-Time Information: Platforms like “MERIT India” provide real-time insights into the electricity market, promoting transparency.
• Public Procurement: The Government e-Marketplace (GeM) ensures transparency in public procurement, reducing corruption.
• RTI Online: Digitization of the Right to Information (RTI) application process enhances transparency and facilitates open dialogue.

Accountability:

• Grievance Redressal Platforms: Digital platforms like CPGRAMS play a crucial role in ensuring government accountability.
• Digital Attendance: Systems like AEBAS promote accountability by ensuring punctuality and regular attendance of government employees.
• Social Audits: E-Governance facilitates social audits, holding authorities accountable for their actions.

Challenges:

• Digital Divide: Disparities in internet access between urban and rural areas.
• Cybersecurity Concerns: Instances like the 2021 Air India data breach raise doubts about the security of e-governance platforms.
• Privacy Concerns: Debates on privacy violations due to the extensive collection of personal data.
• Complex User Interface: Some platforms suffer from user-unfriendly designs.
• Limited Interoperability: Systems often exhibit limited interoperability, hindering data exchange.

Way forward:

• Digital Literacy: Promote digital literacy through grassroots campaigns and introduce it as a compulsory subject in school curricula.
• Cybersecurity Measures: Establish a multi-tier cybersecurity framework and a national cybersecurity hotline.
• Infrastructure Development: Bridge the digital divide through infrastructure development and community internet centers.
• Multilingual Platforms: Develop multilingual e-governance platforms with voice-assisted services.
• Backend Digitization: Use AI and machine learning for backend automation.
• User-Friendly Interfaces: Innovate e-governance platforms with intuitive interfaces and provide video tutorials and 24/7 helpline services.
• Interoperable Systems: Facilitate seamless data exchange with a universal digital ID.
• Quick Redressal Mechanisms: Establish AI-driven quick redressal mechanisms.
• Training Programs: Design regular training programs for government personnel to keep them updated.

Conclusion:

E-governance has transformed governance, but addressing challenges through innovative, inclusive, and secure strategies is crucial for a truly people-centric governance model.

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