UPSC Prelims 2015 – Question 80

80.“Each day is more or less the same, the morning is
clear and bright with a sea breeze; as the Sun climbs
high in the sky, heat mounts up, dark clouds form,
then rain comes with thunder and lightning. But rain
is soon over.”

Which of the following regions is described in the

1. above passage?
2. a) Savannah
3. b) Equatorial
4. c) Monsoon
5. d) Mediterranean

The correct answer is Option 2. 

• Equatorial climate 
  • The Rainforests are located in the equatorial climate region.  
  • It is hot and wet all year round with a humid climate. 
  • The temperatures are constant throughout the year with little variation. 
  • The annual rainfall is high as it rains almost every day. Hence, Option 2 is correct. 
  • It is found in the Amazon basin in South America, the Congo basin in Africa, the Guinea coast in Africa, and much of the Indo-Malaysian region, eastern Central America, some islands in the Caribbean Sea, western Colombia, and eastern Madagascar. 
  • This type of climate is located from 5 degrees to 10 degrees on either side of the equator. 

• Additional Points 
• Warm Temperate Western Margin Climate: 
  • This is also known as a Mediterranean type of climate because most of the areas falling under this climate are situated around the Mediterranean Sea. 
  • It developed between 300C and 450C latitudes in both the hemispheres in the western part of the continents. 
  • The climate of Central Chile is of temperate Mediterranean-type of climate. 
  • Summers are warm and bright and winters are mild and cool. 

• Monsoon type of climate: 
  • This is best developed in the Indian subcontinent, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, parts of Vietnam, south china and northern Australia. 
  • It is characterized by the onshore wet monsoon in summer and offshore dry monsoon in winter. 
  • The basic cause of monsoon climates is the difference in the rate of heating and cooling of land and sea. 

• Sudan or Savannah Climate: 
  • This is a transitional type of climate found between the equatorial forests and the trade wind hot deserts. 
  • This is confined within the tropics and is best developed in Sudan in the Africa Continent. 
  • Sudan’s Climate includes West Africa Sudan, East Africa, and southern Africa north of the Tropic of Capricorn. 

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