UPSC Prelims 2015 – Question 88

88.Consider the following countries:

1. China
2. France
3. India
4. Israel
5. Pakistan
   Which among the above are Nuclear Weapons States as recognized by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)?
   a) 1 and 2 only
   b) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
   c) 2, 4 and 5 only
   d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

The correct answer is 1 and 2 only. 

• The objective of the Non-Proliferation treaty  
• It is to inhibit the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further achieve the goal of nuclear disarmament. 
• The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), entered into force in March 1970. 
• Nuclear-weapon states (NWS) consist of the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom. Hence, Option 1 is correct. 

• Additional information 
• Non-Proliferation treaty   
  • It is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to foster the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of disarmament. 
  • This treaty was signed in 1968 and entered into force in 1970. Presently, it has 191 member states. 
  • India is not a member of NPT. 
  • NPT requires countries to give up any present or plans to build nuclear weapons in return for access to peaceful uses of nuclear energy. 
  • NPT represents the only binding commitment in a multilateral treaty to the goal of disarmament by the nuclear-weapon States. 
  • Nuclear-weapon states parties under the NPT are defined as those that manufactured and exploded a nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive devices before 1^st January 1967. 

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