The tribal communities in India, commonly known as ‘Scheduled Tribes,’ are identified and categorized as such due to historical socio-economic disparities and cultural distinctiveness. The term “Scheduled Tribes” originates from the Constitution of India, which recognized the need for special attention and protective measures for these marginalized groups. The framers of the Constitution acknowledged the unique challenges faced by tribal populations, such as economic backwardness, social discrimination, and geographical isolation, leading to their inclusion in a scheduled list for targeted developmental interventions.
Tag: Social Empowerment.
Decoding the Question:
- In the Introduction, define Scheduled Tribes (STs) and why they are called Scheduled Tribes.
- In Body, mention the major provisions enshrined in the Constitution of India for their upliftment.
- Conclude with the Government of India’s initiative and policy decision for the upliftment of Scheduled Tribes, and its impact.
Answer:
Tribals in India are referred to as ‘the Scheduled Tribes’ because they are recognized and listed under the Schedule Tribes (ST) category in the Constitution of India. The term ‘Scheduled’ signifies their inclusion in a specific list or schedule, which provides them with certain constitutional safeguards, protection, and affirmative action.
The major provisions enshrined in the Constitution of India for the upliftment of Scheduled Tribes include:
- Article 244: This article provides for the administration and governance of tribal areas through the creation of autonomous regions called ‘Scheduled Areas.’ It grants special powers to the Governor to make regulations for the peace, progress, and good governance of these areas.
- Fifth Schedule: The Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. It provides for the appointment of Tribal Advisory Councils, protection of tribal rights over land and resources, and regulation of the transfer of tribal land.
- Sixth Schedule: The Sixth Schedule pertains to the administration of tribal areas in the northeastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. It establishes autonomous district councils with legislative and executive powers to protect the interests and promote the development of tribal communities in these regions.
- Special Provisions: The Constitution includes several special provisions for the upliftment of Scheduled Tribes, such as reservation of seats in legislative bodies, educational institutions, and government jobs. These provisions aim to provide representation, opportunities, and affirmative action for tribal communities.
- Forest Rights Act: The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, commonly known as the Forest Rights Act, recognizes the rights of forest-dwelling communities, including tribals, over their ancestral lands and resources.
These constitutional provisions aim to protect the rights, preserve the distinct culture and identity, promote the socio-economic development, and uplift the overall well-being of Scheduled Tribes in India. However, it is important to recognize that challenges persist in effectively implementing these provisions and ensuring equitable development for tribal communities. Continued efforts are required to address issues such as land alienation, displacement, access to education, healthcare, and livelihood opportunities, and to empower tribal communities to participate actively in decision-making processes affecting their lives.
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