The UPSC Civil Services Examination is a highly competitive and prestigious examination in India that requires candidates to have a deep understanding of a wide range of subjects. One of the optional subjects that aspirants can choose is History, a subject that encompasses a vast and intricate canvas of human experiences throughout the ages. In this blog series, we delve into the history optional subject, focusing on specific themes and periods. Today, we explore the topic of “Decolonization and Underdevelopment” as part of the History Optional Subject-Wise Previous Year Questions in UPSC Mains. Decolonization and underdevelopment are crucial concepts that have shaped the post-World War II world. They reflect the complex dynamics of nations gaining independence from colonial powers and the challenges they faced in overcoming underdevelopment.
As we journey through the years from 2013 to 2023, we will examine the evolution of questions related to this subject in the UPSC Mains. The questions have evolved, reflecting the changing perspectives on decolonization and underdevelopment, making it essential for aspirants to stay updated with the latest trends in historical research and analysis. Join us as we analyze and discuss these questions, offering insights into the critical historical events, key figures, and the broader implications of decolonization and underdevelopment in the global context. Whether you’re an aspiring civil servant, a history enthusiast, or simply curious about these significant historical phenomena, this blog series will provide you with a valuable perspective on the subject and help you navigate the complexities of the UPSC Mains examination.
Decolonization and Underdevelopment History – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains History Optional)
Decolonization and Underdevelopment: Factors constraining development: Latin America, Africa
1. Write a critical note on the process of decolonization accelerated by the second World War. (1988)
2. ‘The decolonization led to the break-up of Empires.’ Comment. (2001)
3. “Decolonization has finished. It definitely belongs to the past. Yet somehow it has refused to become history.” Critically examine in 150 words. (2013)
4. Discuss the factors constraining development of Africa after decolonization. (2018)
5. Explain why Latin America was beset with chronic political instability and endemic military conflicts throughout most of the 19th century. (2019)
6. Critically examine whether it was true that after a century of dependency on Europeans, Africans were ill prepared for the task of nation-building. (2020)
FAQs on Decolonization and Underdevelopment
1. What is the meaning of decolonization?
Answer: Decolonization refers to the process of ending colonial rule and gaining independence for a previously colonized territory or country. It involves political, economic, social, and cultural transformations that lead to self-governance and sovereignty for the colonized nation.
2. What is the meaning of decolonization in Hindi?
Answer: In Hindi, decolonization is commonly referred to as “उपनिवेशन” (Upniveshan), which signifies the process of gaining freedom and self-rule from colonial or foreign control.
3. What is underdevelopment in the context of the economy?
Answer: Underdevelopment in the economic context refers to a state of insufficient economic growth and inadequate infrastructure, education, healthcare, and living standards. It is often characterized by high poverty levels, limited industrialization, and a lack of access to basic necessities.
4. Can you provide a list of underdeveloped countries?
Answer: There isn’t a universally accepted list of underdeveloped countries since the classification can vary depending on criteria and timeframes. However, some organizations like the United Nations and the World Bank classify countries as low-income or underdeveloped based on their economic indicators. Examples of underdeveloped countries may include Afghanistan, Haiti, and some nations in sub-Saharan Africa.
5. Which states in India are considered underdeveloped?
Answer: Several states in India are often classified as underdeveloped, including Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and some parts of Uttar Pradesh. These states typically face challenges related to poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and lower human development indices.
6. What are the causes of underdevelopment?
Answer: Underdevelopment can result from a complex interplay of factors, including historical legacies of colonization, lack of access to education and healthcare, political instability, corruption, poor infrastructure, unequal distribution of resources, and global economic disparities. These causes often differ from one region to another and require specific interventions to address them effectively.
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