The realm of Social Movements holds a significant place in the sociological discourse, embodying the collective aspirations, struggles, and demands of various segments of society. Within the framework of the UPSC Mains examination, the optional subject of sociology has increasingly emphasized the importance of comprehending the dynamics of Social Movements. By closely examining the UPSC Mains question papers spanning the years 2013 to 2023, this blog seeks to unravel the intricate tapestry of social movements in the Indian context. Analyzing the thematic trends, evolving patterns, and critical issues highlighted by the UPSC, this blog aims to provide a comprehensive guide for aspirants navigating the multifaceted terrain of Social Movements, enabling them to grasp the underlying complexities that have shaped the sociopolitical landscape of contemporary India.
Exploring the diverse tapestry of collective action, resistance, and social change, this blog endeavors to offer a comprehensive understanding of the myriad social movements that have shaped Indian society. By dissecting the thought-provoking questions posed in the UPSC Mains examinations, it aims to shed light on the transformative power of social mobilization, the challenges encountered by marginalized groups, and the evolution of activism in response to social and political inequalities. Through this exploration, readers can gain valuable insights into the transformative potential of social movements, the factors that shape their trajectories, and the lasting impact they have on the socio-political fabric of modern India.
Social Movements – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains Sociology Optional)
1. Examine how social movements come to` an end. Illustrate with examples. (2020)
2. Are social movements primordial in means and progressive in agenda? Explain. (2018)
3. What is new in ‘new social movements’? Elaborate your answer with special reference to India. (2017)
4. Examine the role of protest movements in changing the status of Dalits in India. (2016)
5. To what extend revolution replaces the existing order of society? Discuss (2016)
6. What do you understand by social movement? How has the mobilization by Scheduled Castes helped them in constructing a new identity? (2014)
7. Define social movement. Elucidate the role of reformist movements in social change. (150 words) (2013)
8. Write short note on the following from a sociological perspective: Millenarian Movements. (2012)
9. What are the structural elements of a social movement? State how a social movement comes to its end. Illustrate your answer with example. (2009)
10. Write short note: Structure of a social movement. (2006)
11. Describe in the modern ideological society changes due that to social movements in India. (2005)
12. Write short note: Ideology and Strategy of Social Movement. (2004)
13. Write short note: Social change and social movement. (2002)
14. What social conditions cause a social movement? Explain with illustrations, the career of a social movement. (2001)
15. Is ideology an essential component of a social movement? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from some contemporary social movements. (2000)
16. Bring out the commonality between a social movement and a revolution. Would you agree with the view that each revolution is preceded by a social movement? Give reasons. (1999)
17. What are the structural conditions under which movements emerge? Discuss with reference to any one theory of genesis of social movements. (1998)
18. Write short note: Concept of social movement. (1997)
19. Write short note: Reformative social movements. (1996)
20. Write short note: Types of social movements. (1994)
21. Write short note: Protest movements. (1993)
22. Trace the Psychological and Sociological roots of social movements in society today. Do social movements facilitate social change? (1990)
23. Write short note: Types of social movements (1988)
24. Write short note: Social Movement. (1987)
FAQs on Social Movements
Q. What are social movements, and what role do they play in society?
Ans. Social movements refer to collective efforts by individuals or groups to bring about social, political, or cultural change. They often arise in response to perceived injustices or grievances within a society and aim to mobilize people towards a common cause, influencing public opinion and policy-making in the process.
Q. What are the different types of social movements, and how do they differ in their objectives and methods?
Ans. Social movements can be categorized into various types, including reformist movements that seek to bring about gradual societal change, revolutionary movements that aim for radical transformations, resistance movements that oppose existing structures, and identity-based movements that focus on the rights and recognition of specific groups. Each type employs different strategies and tactics to achieve their respective goals.
Q. How do social movements impact policy-making and societal norms?
Ans. Social movements have the potential to shape policy-making by drawing attention to social issues, influencing public discourse, and mobilizing public support for specific causes. They often challenge existing norms and ideologies, leading to shifts in public opinion and the formulation of new policies that address the concerns raised by the movements.
Q. What are the key challenges faced by social movements in their pursuit of social change?
Ans. Social movements encounter various challenges such as internal divisions, resistance from established power structures, co-optation by political forces, and the difficulty of sustaining momentum over time. Overcoming these challenges often requires effective organization, strategic planning, and the ability to adapt to changing social and political landscapes.
Q. How do social movements contribute to the overall development of a society?
Ans. Social movements contribute to the development of a society by advocating for social justice, promoting inclusivity, and fostering a sense of collective empowerment and responsibility. They often bring marginalized voices to the forefront, leading to greater awareness, accountability, and positive transformations within the societal framework.
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