UPSC Prelims 2015 – Question 20

Q: Who of the following was/were economic critic/ critics of colonialism in India?

1. Dadabhai Naoroji
2. G. Subramania Iyer
3. R. C. Dut

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1 only

b) 1 and 2 only

c) 2 and 3 only

d) 1, 2 and 3

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3. 

Moderates Leaders of the Indian National Congress 

• The early leaders of the Indian national movement, known as the Moderates, were the first in the 19th century to create an economic criticism of colonialism. This critique was firmly anchored in an awareness of the nature and character of colonial economic dominance and exploitation. 
• They use popular lectures, booklets, newspapers, dramas, songs, and Prabhat pheries to spread awareness of nationalist agitation. 
• After 1860, as their expectations for India’s social development were not met, they started to see that, despite gradual and halting progress in different directions, the nation as a whole was under- and regressing. 
• Three names stand out among the large number of Indians who initiated and carried out the economic analysis of British rule during the years 1870-1905. 
• Dadabhao Naoroji, RC Dutt, G.V. Joshi, G. Subramaniya Iyer, G.K. Gokhale, Prithwis Chandra Ray, and hundreds of other political workers and journalists analyzed every aspect of the economy and subjected the entire range of economic issues and colonial economic policies to minute scrutiny. Hence, Option 4 is correct. 
• They posed basic questions regarding the nature and purpose of British rule. 
• They were able to follow the process of the colonialization of the Indian economy and conclude that colonialism was the principal hurdle to India’s economic progress. 

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