The Mughal Empire, often referred to as the zenith of Indian history, left an indelible mark on the subcontinent. From its inception in the early 16th century to its eventual decline in the 19th century, the Mughal dynasty witnessed a remarkable confluence of cultures, religions, and artistic expression. For UPSC aspirants with history as their optional subject, delving into the intricacies of the Mughal Empire is not only a fascinating journey but also a crucial aspect of their exam preparation. In this blog series, we will embark on a comprehensive exploration of the History Optional Subject-Wise Previous Year Questions in UPSC Mains, specifically focusing on the “Culture during Mughal Empire” from the years 2013 to 2023. As we journey through the past decade of questions and their relevance, we’ll uncover the key themes, events, and cultural nuances that defined this remarkable era in Indian history and how they remain vital for the civil services examination.
This series aims to provide UPSC aspirants with a valuable resource to enhance their understanding of the Mughal Empire’s cultural landscape. By revisiting previous year questions, we’ll gain insights into the topics and perspectives that the UPSC examination consistently emphasizes, helping students streamline their study and revision strategies. So, whether you’re a history enthusiast or an aspiring civil servant, join us on this illuminating voyage into the cultural riches of the Mughal Empire and equip yourself with the knowledge needed to excel in the UPSC Mains examination.
Culture during Mughal Empire History – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains History Optional)
Persian histories and other literature; Hindi and other religious literature; Mughal architecture; Mughal painting; Provincial architecture and painting; Classical music; Science and technology
1. Write short essay of not more than 200 words: The emergence of composite culture during the period 16th to 18th centuries. (1989)
2. Write brief essay: Mughal official histories and autobiographical works. (1992)
3. Write brief essay: Narrative paintings under Jahangir and Akbar. (1994)
4. Trace the development of art and architecture under the Mughals and point out mingling of Hindu elements in them. (1998)
5. Write brief essay – During the reign of Jahangir Mughal painting reached its zenith. (2000)
6. Write brief essay: The zenith of Mughal architecture under Shahjehan. (2001)
7. Write brief essay on Babarnama as a source of History. (2002)
8. Explain the principal features of architecture during Akbar’s rule. What changes were made in them by Shahjahan? (2002)
9. Write brief essay on Mughal painting. (2005)
10. Write a short essay on the development of literature during the Mughal period. (2006)
11. Write brief essay on Mughal painting. (2007)
12. Provide a comparative analysis of the development of Arabic and Persian historiography. (2010)
13. What was Indian response to European Technology? (2010)
14. Mughal paintings reflect the contemporary socio-political conditions. Discuss. (2011)
15. Assess the development of Science and Technology in the Mughal period. (2013)
16. How does Tuzuk-i-Babri testify that Babar had been a cultured man? (2015)
17. “Mughal paintings reflect social harmony in contemporary society.” Discuss. (2017)
18. Discuss the literature written in Hindi in Mughal India. (2018)
19. “The art of building was carried to highest degree of perfection under Shahjahan”. Illustrate by giving architectural details of two of his most celebrated buildings. (2018)
20. Examine the status of Sanskrit in Mughal India. (2019)
21. Examine the European impact of Mughal Paintings. (2019)
22. The Mughals built like Titans and embellished like jewellers. Comment. (2019)
23. Evaluate the aim and impact of the translation of Sanskrit scriptures into Persian language during Mughal period, (in 150 words) (2020)
24. Make an estimate of the development of paintings under Mughal rulers with special reference to colours, technique, themes and influences on them. (2020)
25.Examine the basic features of Mughal tomb architecture with special reference to the Taj Mahal. (2021)
FAQs on Culture during Mughal Empire
Q: What were some iconic dishes or culinary innovations attributed to the Mughal Empire’s food history?
A: The Mughal Empire introduced several iconic dishes to Indian cuisine, such as biryani, kebabs, and various forms of Mughlai curries. They also popularized the use of aromatic spices like saffron, cardamom, and rosewater in their cooking.
Q: How did the Mughal Emperors influence the culinary culture of their empire?
A: Mughal Emperors were known for their love of fine dining and often patronized culinary artists and chefs. This not only led to the refinement of Mughal cuisine but also influenced the dining culture, with elaborate feasts and banquets becoming common in the Mughal court.
Q: What are some notable architectural marvels attributed to the Mughal Empire?
A: The Mughal Empire left a rich legacy of architectural wonders, including the Taj Mahal, the Red Fort, and the Badshahi Mosque. These structures continue to stand as iconic symbols of India’s cultural heritage.
Q: How did the Mughal Empire impact art and literature in India?
A: The Mughals were great patrons of the arts, which resulted in the flourishing of miniature painting, Persian literature, and the development of a distinctive Mughal architectural and artistic style.
Q: In what ways did the Mughal Empire influence religious and cultural diversity in India?
A: The Mughals embraced a policy of religious tolerance, leading to the coexistence of various faiths. This contributed to the cultural richness of India, with the Mughals themselves creating a blend of Islamic and Indian traditions.
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