Exploring the rich tapestry of history has always been a fascinating journey, and for those aspiring to make their mark in the civil services, the UPSC Mains examination is the gateway to unraveling the historical narratives of India. In this quest for historical insights, the “History Optional Subject-Wise Previous Year Questions in UPSC Mains” series offers a priceless treasure trove. This blog will take you on an exciting voyage through the tumultuous times of the Thirteenth Century, focusing on questions from the past decade, from 2013 to 2023. Delving deep into the historical archives, we will analyze the topics that have dominated the UPSC Mains, providing you with valuable insights into how the Thirteenth Century has evolved as an essential aspect of the examination. So, if you’re an aspirant or just a history enthusiast seeking to enhance your knowledge, let’s embark on a captivating journey through the annals of time.
The Thirteenth Century was a period of immense significance, witnessing the rise and fall of empires, cultural exchanges, and socio-political transformations that have left a profound impact on the Indian subcontinent. By dissecting the UPSC Mains questions from the past decade, we will not only understand the historical events of this era but also unravel the examination trends, ensuring you’re well-prepared to tackle any question on this period. From the Ghurid expansion to the Delhi Sultanate, from Alauddin Khilji’s reign to the advent of the Mughals, this blog series will scrutinize every facet of the Thirteenth Century, offering you a holistic perspective. So, let’s embark on a captivating journey through time and unravel the Thirteenth Century as it has been seen through the lens of UPSC Mains, enriching your historical knowledge and exam preparedness in one remarkable adventure.
The Thirteenth Century History – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains History Optional)
Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurlan Invasions — factors behind Ghurlan success; Economic, social and cultural consequences; Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans; Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmlsh and Balban.
1. What were the problems Balban faced? How far did he succeed in solving them? Was he a trend-setter in his theory of kingship? (1985)
2. Comment in about 200 words: Balban’s theory of kingship. (1995)
3. Give an estimate of Ghiasuddin Balban. (1996)
4. “The inferior cavalry of the Rajputs was not the only cause of their defeat at the hands of Turko-Afghans and Mughals.” Comment. (2001)
5. Write brief essay on The ‘Corps of Forty’ and its relations with the Sultans. (2004)
6. Write short essay on The ‘Corps of Forty’ and its relations with the Sultan. (2008)
7. Assess the contribution of Iltutmish for the expansion and consolidation of the Delhi Sultanate. (2011)
8. Analyze the steps taken by Razia Sultan to strengthen her position as an independent ruler despite the various obstacles. (2013)
9. What measures did Balban adopt to combat the Mongol menace? (2015)
10. Critically examine the ‘blood and iron’ policy of Balban. (150 words) (2017)
11. “The battles of Tarain and Chanawar laid the foundations of Turkish rule in India”. Elaborate. (2018)
12. Internal strife and conflict beset with personal ambitions was enough of an invitation for the Ghurids to invade India. Discuss. (2019)
13. Assess the causes of the defeat of Northern Indian States against the Turkish invasion. (2020)
14. Do you consider Sultan Iltutmish to be the real founder of the Delhi Sultanate? Discuss, (in about 150 words) (2021)
15. Discuss the importance of Iqta system. How did it help in centralization of administration of the Delhi Sultanate? (2021)
FAQs on The Thirteenth Century
Q: What makes the 13th century stand out as one of the greatest centuries in history?
Answer: The 13th century is often referred to as “the greatest of centuries” due to its remarkable cultural, intellectual, and political achievements, including the emergence of universities, the works of figures like Thomas Aquinas, and significant advancements in architecture and engineering.
Q: What key events or developments defined the 13th century as a remarkable era?
Answer: Some of the key developments in the 13th century include the signing of the Magna Carta, the height of the Gothic architectural style, and the travels of Marco Polo. It was also marked by significant achievements in literature and the arts.
Q: Who were the Mongols in the 13th century, and why are they often referred to as “barbarians”?
Answer: The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan and his successors, were a nomadic people who created one of the largest empires in history. They are sometimes called “barbarians” due to their ruthless military campaigns and methods of conquest.
Q: What were some of the major conquests and campaigns carried out by the Mongols during the 13th century?
Answer: The Mongols, during the 13th century, conquered vast territories, including China, Persia, and parts of Europe. The Mongol Empire became known for its unparalleled expansion and military prowess.
Q: How did the Mongol Empire impact the regions it conquered in the 13th century and beyond?
Answer: The Mongol Empire facilitated cultural exchanges, promoted trade along the Silk Road, and allowed for the spread of ideas and technologies across vast regions. It left a lasting imprint on the cultures and societies it ruled.
Q: What is the connection between 13th-century Italian art and the Renaissance that followed in the 15th century?
Answer: The artistic innovations of the 13th century, especially in terms of naturalism and perspective, laid the groundwork for the Renaissance, as artists of the 15th century built upon these achievements.
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