UPSC Essay Notes – Value Added – Courage

Courage, an intrinsic quality that transcends mere physical bravery, occupies a paramount position in the realm of human virtues. It is the audacity to confront adversity, the willingness to challenge the status quo, and the resilience to persevere in the face of daunting obstacles. In the context of the UPSC Essay Notes, delving into the theme of courage provides a profound opportunity to explore its multifaceted manifestations and its indispensable role in shaping individuals, societies, and even nations. Through a nuanced examination of courage, one can uncover its transformative power in fostering progress, instilling moral fortitude, and inspiring collective action towards the realization of lofty ideals. Thus, in the pursuit of understanding courage’s value added, one embarks on a journey to unravel its complexities and appreciate its enduring significance in the tapestry of human experience.

In the realm of UPSC examinations, where essay booklets often tread the well-worn path of conventional themes like health, education, and women, Edukemy emerges as a beacon of innovation—an extraordinary compilation of essays that dares to delve into the very essence of our humanity: values. It is through these guiding principles that our actions find purpose, propelling the ceaseless march of human civilization towards progress and enlightenment.

As the eminent philosopher James Hutton once proclaimed, “The Present is the Key to the past,” this phrase holds a mesmerising truth, unveiling a world of wonder where our comprehension of the present unlocks the enigmas of bygone eras. Every world event, whether past or present, has been fueled by these enduring values, shaping the tapestry of our human society and propelling us to where we stand today.

We will discuss Values as themes and try to bring fresh ideas into the realm of essay writing.

INDEX:

1. RELEVANCE – HOW TO USE IT IN ESSAYS
2. DEFINING COURAGE
3. ALTERNATE WORDS FOR COURAGE TO BE USED IN ESSAY
4. CLASSIFICATION OF COURAGE
5. IMPORTANCE OF COURAGE
6. RELEVANCE OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
7. ASSIGNMENT FOR PRACTICE
8. HOW TO INSTIL COURAGE IN OUR LIVES?
9. CONCLUSION
10. HINTS AND VALUE ADDITIONS IN ALL THE ABOVE.
11. APPLICATION OF ESSAY CANVAS.

COURAGE AS A VALUE:

WHAT DOES COURAGE MEAN?

• Courage is the radiant flame that flickers within the depths of our being, is a divine force that defies the grip of fear and dares to dance with uncertainty. It is a jewel of the spirit, a resplendent virtue that blossoms amidst the shadows of doubt and adversity.
• Courage is the physical, mental, or moral strength of perseverance despite risk, danger, fear, or difficulty. It also means having the confidence to follow one’s beliefs, especially in the face of opposition, criticism, or persecution.
• Courage is often considered the golden mean between recklessness and cowardice. The concept of the golden mean comes from Aristotle’s philosophy of virtue ethics, which emphasizes finding the right balance or moderation in one’s actions and character traits.

Some Quotes of courage by great personalities “I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.”—Nelson Mandela “Being deeply loved by someone gives you strength, while loving someone deeply gives you courage.” —Lao Tzu “Courage is not having the strength to go on; it is going on when you don’t have strength.” —Theodore Roosevelt “The only limit to our realisation of tomorrow will be our doubts of today. Let us move forward with strong and active faith.” —Jawaharlal Nehru “Fear is a disease; hope is its only cure.” —Arunima Sinha (Arunima Sinha, also known as the “Iron Lady of India,” is the first female amputee to climb Mount Everest.

Some Suggested readings on COURAGE

1. RUSKIN BOND’S LITTLE BOOK ON COURAGE: The Little Book of Courage is the ultimate guide to discovering and rewarding both good and bad days.

Poem from the book

‘Hold on to your dreams, and don’t let go!
Follow the rainbow, the tide in its flow,
Salute the sun at the break of the day,
Find time for the flowers along the way,
Follow the birds as they come and go.
Hold on to your dreams, and don’t let go!’

This poem tells the readers to follow their dreams despite difficulties and setbacks and not to give up on their dreams. It shows the value of being true to one’s own will and not succumbing to the opinions or doubts of others. This concept suits the theme of courage to pursue one’s dreams despite the difficulties that may arise.

At its core, Ruskin Bond’s “Hold on to Your Dreams” directly demonstrates the role of courage in the journey of dreams and desires. It encourages readers to be patient, persevere, and confident in their abilities, as these qualities are important for overcoming difficulties and making dreams come true. By staying brave, people can overcome the uncertainty in life and hold the potential of the future.

HINT: A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what a ship is for. (2022) In topics like this apart from routinely starting or ending an essay with quotes in all the essays, one can also make use of poems in the starting or can also be used to conclude the essay.

2. THE COLOUR PURPLE: In this Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, we follow Celie, a black woman born into poverty and oppression, as she struggles to find satisfaction. The protagonist Celie embodies courage throughout the novel. For many years his father and later her husband subjected her to severe physical and emotional abuse. Despite the difficult situation, Celie finds the strength to persevere and survive by showing courage in the face of difficulties. As the novel progresses, Celie finds the courage to stand up for herself and fight the pressure in her life.

Celie’s sister, Nettie, is brave in her quest to escape persecution and, despite the dangers she faced while in Africa, is dedicated to teaching Celie’s children. She endured many hardships, including the loss of her family and separation from Celie, but she never lost her hope and determination to find a better life for herself and her loved ones.

HOW ARE THE PAST YEARS QUESTIONS RELEVANT TO THIS TOPIC? 1. A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for. (2022) 2. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining. (2022) 3. History repeats itself , first as tragedy , second as farce. (2021) 4. Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success. (2019) 5. Be the change you want to see in others. (2013) 6. Discipline means success and anarchy means ruins. (2008) 7. Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. (2015) 8. He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. (1993) 9. My vision of an ideal world order. 2001 10. Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. (2010) 11. You cannot step twice in the same river. ( 2022) 12. We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. ( 2017) 13. Ships don’t sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them. (2020) 14. With great power comes great responsibility. (2014)

The topic of courage has many aspects. We can use the examples provided to categorise topics across multiple dimensions to achieve an impressive essay score.

Illustration : A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not whatship is for. (2022)

To make this article more relevant, comprehensive and complete, we need to give examples from different interests and disciplines.

The example of a ship in harbour represents a person who lives in his comfort zone avoiding risks and dangers. There can be a sense of security in a safe, sheltered environment, but it also means there is no time for growth, exploration and fulfilment. The second part of the quote “This is not what this ship was built for,” means that ships are built for sailing on the high seas, in stormy winds, and to embark on new voyages. It shows that people need to go beyond their comfort zone to explore, take risks, and follow their dreams and desires.

This encourages people to fight for freedom of self-restraint and embrace challenges, even if it means entering unknown and uncertain territory. It reminds us that true growth and self-discovery often happens when they step out of their comfort zone and boldly pursue their goals.

In the context of personal growth and success, courage, valour, and adventure are necessary elements in the pursuit of success. It encourages them to overcome their fears, face challenges, and embrace the mystery that comes with growth and development.

Example: English Vinglish is a heartwarming and inspiring film on the themes of self-improvement, self-discovery and courage. The beginning of the movie, Shashi is described as a woman who is not very confident, especially in terms of English language skills. She felt inadequate and was criticised by her family. The film highlights the importance of self-acceptance and overcoming insecurities to begin the journey of self-improvement. Shashi’s desire to learn English and gain self-confidence was the driving force behind her personal growth. Despite difficulties and problems, she took English lessons abroad during family trips. Her commitment to selfimprovement reflects her desire to step out of her comfort zone and encourage personal growth.

The above example is a story which encourages people to take risks, push the limits of their abilities, and embrace opportunities that lead to personal and professional success. It also reminds us that the true purpose of life, beyond the comfort of the harbour, lies in the search for greater possibilities in which people can discover their potential, broaden their horizons, and find meaning and purpose along the way. This is also depicted in an intriguing painting by Salvador Dali . Salvador Dali’s painting “The Persistence of Memory” is one of the most famous and mysterious works of Surrealism and is often associated with the subconscious and dreams. It seeks to explore the depths of the human soul and the secrets of the heart.

The painting will show you the courage needed to go deep into the subconscious, to face your fears and thoughts, to find the deeper meaning and understanding of life.

HINT: Illustrations alone will not help in scoring well. We also need to highlight our results and teaching with various examples so that it is not mechanistic. ASSIGNMENT – Students are requested to brainstorm on various previous year questions in the same manner. PRACTICE QUESTION: Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success. (2019)

ALTERNATE WORDS FOR COURAGE to be used in essay

• Nerve • Valour • Daring • Determination	• Stoutness • Gallantry • Resoluteness • Bravery
• Perseverance • Tenacity • Mettle • Boldness	• Fortitude • Audacity • Grit • Intrepidity

Courage can be classified into following types :

Courage is both a mental and moral aspect. Courage is something everyone needs, but courage is more than just physical courage. In general, there are 6 types of courage we need to face life’s problems:

1. Physical courage: To act boldly at the risk of physical injury or death. it develops strength, flexibility and awareness. For example – firefighters rushing into a burning building to rescue trapped individuals. Despite the intense heat, smoke, and potential danger, the firefighter demonstrates physical courage by willingly putting themselves at risk to save others.
2. Emotional courage: Follow our heart. Being open to all emotions, happy and unhappy. For example – Women opened up their harrowing experiences against their powerful figures in social media during metoo movement.
3. Intellectual courage: Expand our horizons and get rid of the familiar. It is about our willingness to learn, forget and relearn with an open and flexible mind.
4. Social courage: Be yourself when faced with challenges. It also involves the risk of embarrassment or isolation, dissatisfaction or rejection. It is also about leadership. For example – Rajaram Mohunroy acted against sati and advocated for improving the status of women.
5. Moral courage: It Promotes justice. This includes doing the right thing, even if it’s uncomfortable or inconvenient. For example – Edward snowden acted as a whistleblower leaking highly classified information from national security agency(2013)
6. Spiritual courage: Face the pain with dignity or faith. It helps us live with purpose and meaning, with a mindful approach to all life and ourselves. For example – Buddhism questioning the brahmanical hierarchy and rituals.

HINT: Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. (2015). In this topic we can make use of the above types to determine the qualities of a good leader. Although physical courage is one aspect of leadership, it alone is not enough to be an effective and well-rounded leader. Leadership requires a diverse set of skills and attributes, including emotional intelligence, moral courage, intellectual courage, and more. A leader who relies only on physical courage and neglects other forms of courage may encounter problems in effectively leading and inspiring others.

Book quotes to be added in essay –

TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD

How would you define courage? Harper Lee’s book To Kill a Mockingbird describes courage in many ways. This story takes place during the Great Depression. The Great Depression was a time of chaos and despair. Many people rely on the courage to carry them through tough times, to help them get up when they fall.

Similarly, many of Lee’s characters are bold throughout the novel. Characters show courage by facing problems directly and keeping hope.

Famous movie Quotes –

“It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our enemies, but just as much to stand up to our friends.” —J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone

POEM: Dylan Thomas’s Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night”

Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,
And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
And you, my father, there on the sad height,
Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

The poem explores the concept of courage and resistance in the face of death. The poem is a powerful plea to a dying person urging him not to yield to death meekly but to fight against its inevitability.The poet conveys that even in the face of death, one should try to live with passion, energy and courage.

The repeated lines, “Do not go gentle into that good night” and “Rage, rage against the death of light” emphasize the poet’s call to resist the natural process of death. The word “wrath” here indicates a fierce and determined spirit, refusing to yield without a fight. It highlights the importance of accepting life’s struggles and adversities with courage and tenacity. Through this poem, Dylan Thomas celebrates the indomitable human spirit, urging individuals to make the most of their lives and face the inevitable end with courage rather than resignation. The universal message of the poem encourages readers to live a life full of passion, conviction and courage even in the most challenging circumstances.

Famous paintings- Frida Kahlo’s Self portrait with thorn necklace and hummingbird – it was painted by Frida Kahlo in 1940. It symbolically represents various things. The thorns are around her neck like a necklace which is held by a black monkey. Her neck is bleeding from the piercing thorns. On the right side behind her shoulder is a black cat. A hummingbird is hanging on the thorn which knots around her throat. Her expression is calm and solemn. It also seems she is patiently enduring the pain.

This is often seen as a visual representation of Kahlo’s own strength and resilience.

HINT : Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success. (2019) . In this essay , quote this famous artwork by Frida Kahlo. All in all, Frida Kahlo’s self-portraits exemplify the courage to accept herself unconditionally. Her art celebrates physical uniqueness, confronts emotional turmoil and asserts individual identity. Through her paintings, Kahlo inspires others to embrace their own complexities, vulnerabilities and strengths, promoting a sense of empowerment and self-acceptance. Only if we have the courage to accept ourselves we can achieve success .

WHY IS COURAGE NEEDED? HOW WILL IT ADD VALUE TO OUR LIVES?

Courage is a powerful and important virtue that is very important in our lives. The importance of courage manifests itself in every aspect of our lives. Along with personal and social development, courage is often the driving force behind social and political change. Throughout history, brave people have stood up to injustice, fought for civil rights, and advocated positive change. Collective courage has the power to bring about social change and create a just and equal world.

Courage is important in our lives for the following reasons:

1. We learn to make bigger and bolder decisions in life with courage.
   • With moral courage we can overcome adversities of life.
   • “Courage is knowing what not to fear”— Plato.

The following examples can be used to support the essay

Abhimanyu’s tale of relentless courage from the Mahabharata

Abhimanyu is the son of Arjuna, a famous archer and one of the Pandava princes. Abhimanyu received warfare training under the guidance of his father. One day, there was a great war called the Kurukshetra War, in which the Pandavas fought their brothers, the Kauravas. Abhimanyu couldn’t wait to join the battle, ready to prove his mettle. However, he faced a great challenge when he faced a tough and unending battle.

Abhimanyu, having little knowledge of entering Chakravyuha and knowing that his father and other warriors would not be able to follow him, decided to fight alone. Nevertheless, Abhimanyu showed his greatest courage by entering creation without fear. Although Abhimanyu died in battle, his courage and sacrifice made a lasting impression. His story has become a symbol of courage and determination, inspiring the next generation to face and overcome challenges.

Ira Singhal’s story of determination and courage :

Ira Singhal is the first women candidate from a differently abled category to clear the UPSC CSE exam. Suffering from a spinal condition called scoliosis that affects her arm, Singhal doesn’t let her disability bother her.

Ira said that if students have courage, will and determination, no one can prevent them from reaching their goals, and this requires hard work, self-confidence and perseverance.

HINT: The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining. (2022) . In this essay topic we can use the example of Abhimanyu’s character. Abhimanyu knew the importance of opportunities present. He had the foresight , preparedness and courage to take advantage of favourable opportunities to tackle the war . Similarly Ira Singhal despite her physical condition, always relied on her favourable abilities like being good at studies to crack the exam.

Courage helps us to Challenge present reality:

Einstein said, “You can’t solve problems with the same thinking that caused them.”

Elon Musk has exemplified this thinking process. For example, people have said battery packs will always be expensive, because they’re expensive to make, and that’s just how it is. Yet Musk realised when batteries are broken into their fundamental components (cobalt, nickel, aluminium, carbon, polymers, and a steel can) and built, costs go down dramatically. This led to Tesla Energy, or revolutionary energy storage for sustainable homes and businesses. By challenging the status quo, Musk developed home energy storage that’s causing radical change.

HINT: You cannot step twice in the same river. (2022) The quote invites us to reflect on the transience of life and the inevitability of change. Change can trigger a range of emotions, including fear, uncertainty and resistance. However, it is essential to realise that change also brings opportunities for growth, renewal and new beginnings. Embracing change allows us to let go of our attachment to the past and open up to the possibilities that lie ahead, which often only comes with courage . Embracing change allows us to learn from our experiences, build resilience and be more adaptable.We can cite the example of Elon Musk .

Courage helps us to make Room For Failure:

According to Elon Musk, if things are not failing, you’re not innovating enough. When innovation is the motivating factor, one will find many ways to get things done. It is possible for people to accommodate failure and prevent it from ruining them by making a contingency plan to help them take the next step when failure does come around.

Courage gives us the strength to admit our mistakes

“Mistakes are always forgivable, if one has the courage to admit them.” —Bruce Lee

“It takes guts and humility to admit mistakes. Admitting we’re wrong is courage, not weakness.”― Roy T. Bennett, The Light in the Heart

• Admitting your mistakes is the first step to personal growth and self-improvement. It determines a person’s confidence and ability to accept wrong decisions and helps build confidence.
• It gives people a way to understand that in an ever-changing world, making mistakes is another way to learn, seize opportunities, and gain wisdom,realise our purpose every day. Admitting a mistake requires facing the reality of your actions. It takes courage to be honest with yourself and admit your mistakes and bad decisions.
• Admitting a mistake shows honesty and integrity. Accepting responsibility for your actions builds trust in others and shows that you are responsible for the consequences of your choices. Admitting mistakes is a valuable life lesson. Having the courage to admit your mistakes gives you the wisdom to make better decisions in the future.

EXAMPLE:

Tragedy of World War I (1918-1914) The outbreak of World War I was a profound tragedy that plunged the world into unprecedented violence and destruction. The affair began with complex diplomatic and political tensions that began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. The war introduced new and more lethal weapons that resulted in unimaginable casualties, destruction of cities, and grave consequences for the world order. The Treaty of Versailles, which ended the war, laid the foundation for further geopolitical instability and ultimately contributed to World War II.

HINT : History repeats itself , first as tragedy , second as farce (2021). “History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce” is a reminder that human history is never linear. Instead, it shows the cyclical nature of events and human behaviour. By recognizing and learning from the tragedies of the past, we can create a brighter and more progressive future. Instead of repeating the same mistakes, let history guide you in shaping a better world for the next generation. You can also quote the above example to validate your essay.

Courage helps us take leadership responsibilities

Courage is essential to leadership roles because it enables people to step forward, make tough decisions, and inspire others to do the same. Courageous leaders demonstrate the ability to face challenges directly, overcome uncertainty, and act with determination and conviction.

• Courageous leaders create a culture of trust and respect that prepares those around them to follow. Courageous leaders build trust between teams and stakeholders. They are willing to solve problems and find solutions that foster trust and respect.
• Have the courage to seek and accept advice. Having courage of convictions,ability to take risks. Leaders have the courage to think outside the box and foster innovation in their teams and organisations. They are open to exploring new ideas and approaches that can lead to positive change and progress.
• Aung San Suu Kyi is the political leader and leader of Burma’s democracy movement. Despite years of house arrest and torture, she continued to defend democracy and human rights in her country. Aung San Suu Kyi’s life is an example of courage in the face of oppression and injustice. Her unwavering commitment to democracy demonstrates the transformative power of courage to lead positive change. Her journey continues to inspire people around the world to stand up for their principles and create a more just and compassionate society.
• SIMBA AND THE FLOWER OF COURAGE : After his father Mufasa died, Simba became the second heir to the throne. Uncle Scar convinces Simba that he is responsible for his father’s death. Simba displays the traits of an insecure leader from an early age. He refuses to take responsibility for controlling the situation and makes his followers feel insecure at this uncertain time. Simba decides to follow Uncle Scar’s advice and escape the situation, never to return. In this case, “real” leaders do not put themselves above others, are loyal to their followers, take responsibility for their actions, and work hard to solve problems.However one day Simba mustered the courage to fight his uncle Scar to claim the title of king. During an argument with his uncle, Simba realises that his uncle was dishonest and is responsible for his father’s death. This knowledge enables Simba to find the strength to resist and earn the title of king.

Courage is empathy and acceptance

HINT : Any essay on the theme of leadership has an implicit aspect of courage. In any such topic we can cite the example of Simba and his leadership qualities . The above anecdote could become an impressive introduction for the essay. The example can also be useful in the given topic below Be the change you want to see in others. (2013)

• When people show courage in their actions and interactions, this develops understanding, compassion, and a sense of connection with others.
• Courage that challenges societal norms and prejudices can break down barriers and promote acceptance. When someone supports a marginalised group or advocates inclusion, it encourages others to reconsider their prejudices and develop a better understanding of those who may be different from them.
• Courageous people are often willing to listen to others without judgement or defense. Listening carefully and showing genuine interest in the experiences and thoughts of others can build a strong foundation of understanding and acceptance.To learn something new, it takes humility and courage to let go of your own prejudices and ideas and to let go of control and certainty.
• Brave people often start difficult conversations on sensitive topics. Having open and respectful conversations allows people to understand each other’s feelings, which can lead to greater understanding and acceptance. This is also helpful in embracing differences and appreciate the uniqueness of others.

Savitribai Phule: A Life of Revolutionary Struggle and Sacrifice:

The life of Savitribai Phule and Jyotiba Phule is a story of great sacrifice and courage .: Most of us know Savitribai Phule as India’s first female teacher. India’s first feminist was born on January 3, 1831 and grew up in a country under British rule where women’s rights were absent. We know that she collaborated with her revolutionary husband, Jyotirao Phule, on how she made the change by founding her first girls’ school. Savitribai’s courageous act was not merely about setting up a school. It was a rebellion against deeply entrenched patriarchal norms that sought to stifle women’s potential. By creating a space for girls to learn and grow, she challenged the common notion that women are intellectually inferior or unworthy of education.

HINT : Any topic on social reforms / other types of reforms involves an aspect of courage. Courage is a basic and essential quality for all social and institutional reforms. Because change often requires challenging established norms, confronting powerful interests, and overcoming resistance. Initiating reforms is risky and there is no guarantee of immediate success. Fear of failure can stop people from taking action. Courage empowers reformers to persevere, learn from failures, and continue to strive for their goals.

Courage symbolises discipline

Courage and discipline are related virtues that complement each other in many ways.

• Courage is the ability to act in the face of fear, but it does not mean acting recklessly or shockingly. Rather, courage involves the exercise of discipline in the midst of fear and enables individuals to cope with difficult situations with thoughtful control.
• Courage often requires the discipline to persevere and stay true to one’s principles and goals, even in the face of adversity. Even when you encounter difficulties along the way, it takes self-control to keep moving forward.
• In some situations, courage can come from regular practice and preparation.
• For example, soldiers and athletes demonstrate their bravery on the battlefield and in sports, and this bravery is backed up by a rigorous discipline of training and preparation.

STEVE JOBS-A VISIONARY

“Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.”― Steve Jobs

In founding Apple, Steve Jobs showed an amazing level of courage and determination. His journey as a visionary entrepreneur has been fraught with challenges and dangers, but his ability to overcome these obstacles demonstrated his unwavering commitment to his vision and ideas.

Apple’s philosophy under Steve Jobs was to challenge the status quo and think differently. This approach required the courage to defy conventional norms and disrupt established industries such as computing, music and mobile phones. Apple has had setbacks and failures along the way, including a product launch that didn’t perform as well as expected. Steve Jobs showed the courage to face these failures, learn from them and use them as stepping stones to success.

• Carloz Alcarazsensational Wimbledon champion– Alcaraz became the first player to win a Wimbledon title since 2002, apart from Djokovic, Federer, Nadal and Murray.
• Carlos Alcaraz made his debut on the ATP tour at a young age and showed that he has the courage to play against the best players in the world. Stepping onto the field of a proven and experienced opponent, especially as a teenager, takes tremendous courage. Success in tennis requires careful training and preparation. Alcaraz’s dedication to training and honing his skills reflects the discipline required to put in countless hours of hard work behind the scenes.

“I JUST BELIEVE IN MYSELF ALL OF THE TIME “ was his victory statement because he has set ambitious goals for herself in tennis, and his disciplined approach keeps him focused on achieving them. This goal-oriented mindset requires both courage and discipline to persevere in achieving your dream . Despite his rapid rise in tennis, Carlos Alcaraz remains humble and down to earth. This humility shows discipline in dealing with success and fame with respect and grace towards others.

HOW TO INSTIL THE VIRTUE OF COURAGE IN OUR LIVES

In fact, courage is not an innate trait. It is a quality acquired over time, courage is a habit we can develop by doing small things every day. Instilling courage in people is a powerful way to empower them to face challenges, pursue goals, and make positive contributions to their lives and communities. Here are some strategies for developing personal courage.

ON A PERSONAL LEVEL

• Value-based education as a part of the curriculum:
  • Education provides knowledge and skills that increase self-confidence. Self-confident people are more likely to take risks and face challenges with courage because they know they have the ability to handle different situations.Education must be based on ethics and moral values. People who are guided by strong moral foundations are likely to make courageous decisions in accordance with their principles.
  • According to NEP-2020, the main purpose of education is to raise well-founded and useful people who can think and act well, have compassion and imagination, long courage and courage, scientific and thoughtful.
• BOLDNESS IN CHOOSING ALTERNATIVE CAREER OPTIONS:
  • In some cases, choosing a non-traditional or unconventional career path like acting , modeling , startup, sports , photographs can challenge society’s expectations and norms. It takes courage to go against the flow and follow your heart regardless of external pressures.
  • External influences, such as peer or family expectations, can influence career decisions. Having the courage to communicate your true passions and desires, even if they differ from others’ expectations, is essential to making an authentic choice.
  • WHOOPI GOLDBERG – Whoopi Goldberg is an award-winning actress, comedian, human rights activist and longtime host of the daytime talk show “The View.” She became a household name and Hollywood star for her Academy Award-winning performance in the blockbuster Ghost Story (1990). However this journey was not easy, she initially started off her career with odd jobs like waitress.
• Teaching emotional intelligence:
  • To develop self-awareness – the ability to recognize one’s own thoughts, behaviours, beliefs, motivations, and other characteristics such as strengths and weaknesses.
  • To develop emotional resilience – the ability to act, react and cope with or manage stressful, uncertain or unexpected situations/issues

Example: Sunil Chhetri’s passion and undying attitude – Despite his young age, Chhetri had the courage to challenge the expectations of those who cared for him and made progress in his football career. His goal is to take himself to a higher level in football and seize the opportunity to succeed. While Chhetri’s extraordinary talent led to great performances, it was his dedication to self-improvement that made him the world’s second ranked goal scorer in the history of Asian Football.

HINT : Discipline means success and anarchy means ruins. (2008) The relationship between order and success and chaos and destruction is evident throughout history and contemporary society. Discipline acts as a guiding force that guides individuals and nations towards success and prosperity. On the one hand, anarchy causes chaos and destruction and leads to the collapse of society. Real life example of success is Sunil Chhetri , whereas an example of anarchy can be Hitler .

Examples of poems to be used in the essay

“Still I Rise”by Maya Angelou aims to describe the resilience of blacks in the face of racism and injustice. “Still Rising” was written in the 1970s when Angelou became involved in the civil rights and human rights movement, became a politician, and travelled abroad to Africa.

You may write me down in
history With your bitter,
twisted lies, You may trod me
in the very dirt But still, like
dust, I’ll rise.
Just like moons and like
suns, With the certainty
of tides, Just like hopes
springing high, Still I’ll rise.

This poem is a powerful expression of courage and resilience in the face of adversity and oppression. Throughout the poem, the speaker declares her strength and determination to rise above the challenges and discrimination she has experienced. The repeated refrain of “Still I rise” reinforces the idea of standing tall and resilient in the face of adversity. It encourages individuals to maintain courage and strength even in the face of hardship. The poem’s image of rising like dust, waves, and
air symbolises triumph and courage in the face of forces trying to keep the speaker down.

Inculcate a curious mind and let courage be a part of routine discussions:

• Create an environment that welcomes questions and encourages curiosity. By encouraging people to ask questions, you can gain the courage to explore different topics and seek knowledge. It provides opportunities for people to explore different interests and hobbies. Exposure to a variety of activities fosters curiosity and the courage to step out of one’s comfort zone.

Example : Encouraging children to participate in various excursions and tours to experience how people of other regions experience their lives

Role of family and peers:

• Making courage a part of discussion , accepting varied beliefs and ideas , teaching how to overcome failures and rejections .An important contribution to empowerment, building relationships, building selfconfidence, and providing motivation and support.
• Managing interpersonal relationships and communication skills.
• Example: Students who fail the exams commit suicide. This is because they lack confidence and the ability to accept failure. We must teach them to overcome failure and develop relationships that allow them to express themselves openly.

SOCIETAL LEVEL

1. Accepting diverse interests and sections :

• We must always teach that tolerance is different from acceptance . The act of acceptance is a more moral and ethical idea and contributes to a more inclusive society .
• Courage empowers people to confront their biases and prejudices against LGBTQ+ people. By recognizing and confronting these prejudices, people can build more inclusive and accepting societies. With courage, allies and supporters can stand up against the discrimination, harassment and violence that LGBTQ+ people face. This support promotes a safer and more welcoming environment for all and to make provisions provided to them a success.
• The Message of Courage in Schindler’s List by Thomas Keneally based on the true story of Oskar Schindler a German industrialist Oskar Schindler was a wealthy factory owner who risked his life during World War II and used his personal wealth to save Jews enlisted as his employees. Oskar Schindler risked everything to help Jews escape the Holocaust. He was a German who, in theory, should have fought the Jews in Nazi Germany, but he fought Germans. His heroism was praised by the Jewish people for his actions.
• Promoting cross cultural understanding : Learning from different festivals
  • Dussehra is not just a celebration of religious significance; It also serves as a symbol of courage, bravery and righteousness. The festival exemplifies the courage of Lord Rama, who bravely faced the mighty demon king Ravana to save Mother Sita. It teaches the values of standing up against injustice and evil, even in the face of immense challenges. It brings people together to witness the triumph of good over evil and inspires them to imbibe courage, righteousness and integrity in their own lives.

2. Learning from the surroundings and society :

• Courage is an important, distinct cross cultural human value associated with courage , bravery.
• Look for brave faces in your family, community, workplace and media. See how they face challenges, take risks, and stand up for their beliefs. Their actions serve as inspiring examples.
• Example : BISHNOI COMMUNITY : Ardent environmentalists .The popular “Chipko Movement” is inspired by the true story of a brave woman named Amrita Devi Bishnoi, who prevented the kings from cutting down trees. She did this because they valued and honoured nature and its values. Her head was cut off. The accident enabled the Government of India to present the “Amrita Devi Bishnoi Smrithi Paryavaran Award” for his contribution to the defense environment.

HINT : We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. (2017) The courage to adapt to the laws of nature:Courage within the laws of nature is not challenging or rebelling against them, but rather understanding them and accepting the humility to adapt to them. Courage is knowing one’s place in the larger ecosystem and recognizing that one’s actions are affected by positive or negative consequences. Courageous individuals and communities demonstrate their commitment to environmental awareness and sustainable practices. Courageous action involves making difficult choices and taking responsibility for environmental impacts. The courage to accept the laws of nature is a testimony to the virtue of humility. It requires understanding that despite our progress, we are only part of a vast interconnected web of life. By recognizing this humility, we can learn to live in harmony with nature rather than against it. We can also cite the example of Amrita Bishnoi in this topic .

• Factors that influence courage include a person’s abilities, thoughts, and beliefs, as well as cultural and social factors.Actions may be seen as bolder depending on their experiences and risk taking abilities.
• Reading biographies and stories of people , visiting art museums , observing nature , learning from literature , poems, songs , wildlife ,engaging in meaningful discussion and learning from these can provide valuable insight and encourage you to cultivate your own courage.
• Example : Amrita Sher-Gil has been hailed as one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. She grew up in different parts of India and Europe and is influenced by different cultures, so he has a deep understanding of art and culture. Some of her major works were “Tribal Women” and “Young girls”. The masterpiece of “ Tribal women” won a gold award at the Bombay Art Society’s annual exhibition in 1937. The painting examines three brightly dressed women. Amrita Sher-Gill portrays them as people who struggle with bad luck, even if they bravely overcome their ill fate.
• SRIDEVI FROM THE MOVIE ENGLISH VINGLISH
  • Life begins by stepping out of her comfortzone: Sri Devi despite being an excellent housewife she leaves her comfort zone and learns English, SriDevi has found a new self and she. The family began to value him as a human being, a real person.
• MIRA BHAI’S EXCEPTIONAL DEVOTIONAL MUSIC -Mira Bai is an important figure in medieval Indian literature. It is known that She exceeded the boundaries of race, religion and colour, relinquishing the respect and comfort of his family, showing courage and being a dedicated person. He received unparalleled respect from other sacred poets of northern India .Mira’s fame spread everywhere because of her fearless devotion and devotion to Lord Krishna; anger.
• RAJPUT PAINTINGS – Rajput painting of Rajasthan is one of the most famous art forms. They are the bequests of the Indian Middle Ages. The main thing that makes Rajput paintings is showing the courage and valour of the Rajputs.

Rajput miniature paintings depict processions, heroic battles, brave Rajput warriors and legendary figures engaged in heroic deeds. These intricate and vivid paintings show the bravery and martial prowess of the Rajputs.

HINT : Our primary source of knowledge essentially is from the preparation of the general studies syllabus . We can collect rich examples from our General studies syllabus if we have an eye for it . Therefore it is advised to go through all the Previous year questions and analyse them . Make a note of all relevant examples from newspapers , magazines , articles and other sources so that we can readily make use of these examples in the exam according to the demand of the topic .

3. Learning the value of taking a stand for individual and others rights:

• Fear of retribution or personal consequences can prevent us from speaking up for others. With courage, people can face these fears and prioritise the well-being of others over their own.
• Defending others requires confronting injustice, discrimination and inequality. Facing these issues head on and trying to realise a just and fair society requires courage.
• Taking the place of others requires empathy and compassion to understand their struggles and challenges. Courage empowers people to act on that empathy and advocate for positive change.
• In December 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Her act of disobedience was a brave act to challenge the unjust and discriminatory laws of the time. Rosa Parks’ courageous actions sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a major event in the civil rights movement. Her actions sparked mass action against racism and discrimination. Rosa Parks practised nonviolent resistance, a courageous approach to protest that required a great deal of strength and discipline. Her commitment to non-violence showed courage and moral fortitude. Rosa Parks’ courageous actions and commitment to social justice continues to be celebrated as a symbol of courage and determination in the face of oppression.

NATIONAL LEVEL

1. GOVERNANCE and ADMINISTRATION : Courage is the key to problem solving, innovation, finding opportunities and the well-being of others.
2. GOVERNANCE REFORMS :Many management and governance systems can get stuck in old ways and inefficient procedures. Courageous leaders must be willing to challenge the status quo, question existing norms, and implement the reforms needed to improve society.
3. DEALING WITH CRISIS : Governance often involves difficult and complex decisions that can have farreaching consequences. Courageous leaders are willing to make difficult choices to address immediate problems and achieve long-term goals, even in the face of criticism and resistance. In times of crisis, such as natural disasters and emergencies, courageous managers command effectively, make quick decisions, and mobilise resources to deal with the situation.
   • IPS SANJUKTA PARASHAR : As an IPS in the Sonitpur area, Parashar led the Central Police forces who fought fearlessly against the Bodo forces.In just 15 months, he eliminated 16 rebels, arrested 64 and confiscated a great deal of weapons and ammunition. She also finds time for charity work. She often helps people at the rescue centre, showing compassion and love to people.
4. Dealing with corruption : Corruption can be pervasive in some administrative systems. Courageous leaders take a firm stand against corruption and work to promote transparency, accountability and integrity.Some governance issues may be politically sensitive or involve controversial topics. Courageous administrators must be willing to address these issues openly and honestly, promoting transparency and public trust.
   • Example : VINOD RAI , Former CAG : Exposing the 2G Scam and going against the ruling party is an exceptional quality of bravery .
5. Recognize and reward courageous behaviour: Recognize and reward individuals who demonstrate courage in governance and management. By publicly acknowledging your bravery, you can inspire others to take bold action. Give managers and leaders access to ethical support networks, such as mentors and advisory boards, to help them make complex decisions.
6. FOREIGN POLICY :
   • Diplomacy involves the protection of national interests, which sometimes conflict with the interests of other countries. Proving and defending national sovereignty and economic prosperity on the international stage requires courage.
   • Example : India has deepened its engagement in the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) comprising India, the US, Japan and Australia. QUAD seeks to promote a free and open Indo-Pacific and address regional challenges, which China sees as a threat.
   • International diplomacy must deal with complex global challenges such as climate change, terrorism and human rights violations. It takes courageous action to face these problems head on and work towards workable solutions.
   • Forming alliances and partnerships requires the courage to trust and cooperate with others, even in times
   • The international situation is dynamically changing due to geopolitical changes and the emergence of emerging powers. Foreign policy courageously adapts to these changes and ensures that national interests are aligned with evolving global conditions.
   • Example : India has signed several defence trade deals with Russia like the procurement of the S400 missile system , in spite of the USA threatening to impose CAATSA .

HINT : My vision for an ideal world order. (2001) An ideal world order envisages a global society in which peace, justice and prosperity prevail. A global order rooted in courageous foreign policy requires leaders to challenge the status quo, confront global challenges, and strengthen cooperation to build a more just and harmonious world. In an ideal world order, countries should overcome their differences and aim for peaceful coexistence. A courageous foreign policy prioritises dialogue and understanding over violence and seeks diplomatic solutions to conflicts. Leaders must step forward with courage, extend the hand of friendship, and build bridges between nations to strengthen trust and cooperation.

EXEMPLARY LEADERSHIP SKILLS

• Courageous leaders are more likely to embrace change and innovation, driving progress and development in various sectors of a country’s economy and society.A courageous leader empowers citizens to speak and participate in the democratic process. They encourage active engagement and provide platforms for diverse voices to be heard.
• Honourable PM Narendra Modi has taken bold and innovative policy decisions during his tenure, including ending demonetisation in 2016 and introducing the Goods and Services Tax (GST). These decisions, despite being praised and criticised, were aimed at fighting corruption, formalising the economy and simplifying the tax system.
• Example : RATAN TATAIt takes many qualities to be a good leader, and Ratan Tata has them all. He is smart, determined and has a clear vision for his company. He can also inspire others and get them to adopt their vision.Tata is also a very humble person, this is not common among leaders. Always quick to attribute the team’s successes to them and take responsibility for their failures.This humility allows him to connect with his employees and earn their trust and respect.Ratan Tata is a great leader and an even better person. His behaviour causes people to like him and want to follow him.
• On the international stage, a courageous leader must represent the nation with confidence and diplomacy. They uphold the country’s interests and values and promote strong diplomatic relations with other nations.
• Rather, a bold leader prioritises long-term goals and sustainable development over short-term gains. This focus on the future benefits the nation in the long run.

Example : In March 2020, India imposed one of the strictest restrictions in the world to limit the spread of the coronavirus. The decision to impose a nationwide lockdown took courage as it had significant social and economic implications for a densely populated country like India.

HINT : Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. (2010) India becoming a global leader is a matter of immense pride for its citizens. As the world becomes more interconnected and interdependent, India must be ready to take a leadership role on the global stage. To lead globally, India needs to demonstrate economic resilience and innovation. Bold steps are needed to implement structural reforms, boost manufacturing, invest in R&D and use technology for inclusive growth. This means taking calculated risks, adapting to changing market dynamics and challenging traditional economic paradigms. Bold leadership requires embracing social inclusiveness and empowering marginalised communities. As a global leader, India must demonstrate courage to address environmental issues.

CONCLUSION

“Courage is the most important of all the virtues because, without courage, you can’t practice any other virtue consistently.” — Maya Angelou

Courage is a fundamental virtue that is of immense importance in various aspects of human life. Throughout history and today, courageous individuals and leaders have shaped societies, inspired change, and overcome seemingly insurmountable challenges. From everyday situations to global crises, courage plays a key role in making progress, promoting justice and building resilience. courage is intertwined with the pursuit of knowledge and curiosity.

Embracing curiosity encourages individuals to explore new ideas and challenge existing beliefs, while courage allows them to face uncertainties and complexities in search of truth and understanding. The significance of courage lies in its ability to shape individuals, communities, and nations, leading to progress, justice, and human flourishing. It is the fuel that propels humanity forward, helping us overcome challenges, embrace change and create a more compassionate and just world. As individuals and as a society, we must recognize and cultivate courage in our actions, decisions, and endeavours.

The rapid pace of technological progress such as artificial intelligence, automation and biotechnology will bring new ethical, social and economic dilemmas. It will take courageous individuals to ensure that these technologies are used responsibly, with due consideration of their potential impact on human rights, privacy and job displacement. As societies grapple with inequality, discrimination and marginalised communities, brave individuals will become essential advocates for social justice. Addressing systemic injustice and defending fair opportunities promotes inclusive societies.

The future will see more intense climate challenges that will require bold global action to combat environmental degradation, implement sustainable practices and transition to cleaner energy sources. Courageous leaders will have to make bold political decisions, to protect the planet for future generations. Future health crises may emerge as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Bold responses will be needed to ensure robust health care systems, international cooperation and equitable distribution of medical resources.Courageous leaders will be instrumental in promoting dialogue, de-escalation and peaceful resolution of international disputes to avoid escalation of conflicts in the face of persisting geopolitical tensions in the future .

The times ahead will bring unexpected challenges and disruptions. Courage enables individuals and communities to remain resilient, adapt to uncertainty, and bounce back from setbacks.

By cultivating courage, we can unlock our potential, achieve greatness, and together build a brighter future for all. As we face the uncertainty of the future, let courage be our guiding light, propelling us into a world of compassion, resilience and progress. In a future defined by constant change, fearless individuals will embrace curiosity and lifelong learning, explore new ideas, and adapt to evolving circumstances.

HINT : While writing the essay we should try to arrange the essay into different dimensions. Each dimension must represent an idea.

Be the change you want to see in others . (2013) In this essay topic we can cover various dimension with the help of suitable subheadings as shown below Be the change you want to see in others: The role of courage in inspiring change Courage as a catalyst for personal change. Courageous Leadership: Inspiring Change in Others. Example : The story of Lion king Simba can be used for value addition . Courage in the pursuit of justice and social change Example : Story of Rosa Parks

ESSAY CANVAS

Application of the essay canvas:

ESSAY TOPIC : Ships don’t sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them. (2020)

Step 1. REPHRASING THE ESSAY : The statement asserts that it is not the external challenges or circumstances that lead to the downfall of a ship, but internal weaknesses and failures that lead to its sinking.This analogy can be applied to many different aspects of life, suggesting that it is often internal factors and weaknesses that are the root cause of failure or downfall rather than external factors alone.

Step 2. CITING THE REASONS : Life is full of unexpected storms that surround us, testing our fortitude and determination. As ships face turbulent waters, we face various external challenges such as financial difficulties, health problems and unexpected setbacks. These external storms are beyond our control, but they provide an opportunity to demonstrate our courage and adaptability.While external storms can be challenging, it is often the water inside the ship that poses the greatest threat.

Likewise, internal struggles such as self-doubt, fear, and negative thoughts can be detrimental to our wellbeing. Courage enables us to face and address these inner battles, preventing them from sabotaging our emotional and mental stability.

Step 3. INSIGHTS : These are only some of the insights . We can add more.

a. Focus on inner resilience: Individuals must build their inner strength and resilience to face life’s challenges. Building resilience involves developing coping mechanisms, emotional stability and a positive mindset to deal effectively with adversity.

b. Addressing root causes: The statement highlights the importance of addressing root causes rather than simply responding to external factors. It encourages individuals to identify and resolve internal weaknesses and vulnerabilities that may lead to failure or setbacks.

Step 4. SOLUTIONS : These are only some of the solutions.

a. Finding support and connection: Individuals should seek support from friends, family or professionals during difficult times. Sharing the burden and seeking advice or support can lighten the load and help find solutions.

b. Learning from past mistakes: Studying past experiences and understanding the root causes of failure can help individuals make informed decisions and avoid repeating the same mistakes.

Step 5. COUNTER ARGUMENTS : Some counter intuitive points .

a. Unpredictable nature of life:Life can be unpredictable, and unexpected events can have a profound impact.

b. Social and environmental influences: Socio-economic conditions, access to resources and systemic inequalities can influence individual opportunities and challenges.

Step 6. Critical analysis at various levels.

a. INDIVIDUAL : Taking responsibility for actions: Encouraging individuals to take responsibility for their actions increases a sense of responsibility and agency.

b. SOCIETY : Addressing systemic issues: Society must address systemic issues, such as inequalities and social injustices, that may affect the well-being of its members. Promoting mental health awareness: Social stigma surrounding mental health can cause individuals to neglect their emotional well-being.

c. NATIONAL LEVEL :Investment in infrastructure and security: Nations should invest in infrastructure and security measures to protect their citizens from external threats.

Transparent and Accountable Governance:. Responsible governance helps prevent internal vulnerabilities and potential crises.

Step 7. VALUE ADDITION , INDIAN PERSPECTIVE and Examples

Painting by Frida Kahlo , Poem by Ruskin Bond or any movie

Step 8 . CONCLUSION :

By nurturing this courage within us, we can get through life’s adversities, stay afloat even in the face of daunting challenges. Our courage becomes the rudder that guides us into calmer waters and gives us the strength to sail with confidence, resilience and a deep appreciation for life’s journey.

• Conclusion can also include values learnt .
• Some of the aspects of the essay canvas might coincide. We can also use them in any order depending on the demand of the essay topic .
• Try making use of most of the aspects of the essay canvas if not all.
• Sub headings representing different ideas can be added .

FAQs on UPSC Essay Notes – Value Added – Courage

Q: What is the significance of courage in essay writing for the UPSC exam?

A: Courage plays a pivotal role in essay writing for the UPSC exam as it demonstrates the candidate’s ability to address contentious issues fearlessly and offer innovative solutions. Essays that exhibit courage stand out, reflecting the candidate’s depth of understanding and willingness to challenge conventional perspectives.

Q: How can I incorporate examples of courage in my UPSC essays?

A: You can incorporate examples of courage by citing historical events, individuals, or contemporary situations where individuals or groups exhibited courage in the face of adversity. For instance, you can discuss freedom fighters’ struggles for independence, social reformers challenging societal norms, or whistleblowers exposing corruption.

Q: Does courage in essay writing imply taking extreme positions?

A: No, courage in essay writing does not necessarily mean taking extreme positions. It involves presenting well-reasoned arguments supported by evidence, even if they challenge prevailing opinions. Courageous essays demonstrate the candidate’s ability to think critically and articulate nuanced perspectives, which may diverge from the mainstream without being radical.

Q: How can I develop the skill of writing courageously for UPSC essays?

A: To develop the skill of writing courageously, engage in critical reading across various disciplines, including history, politics, sociology, and philosophy. Analyze different viewpoints on contentious issues and practice articulating your own opinions with clarity and conviction. Additionally, seek feedback from mentors or peers to refine your arguments and writing style.

Q: Can I demonstrate courage in essay writing without being confrontational?

A: Yes, you can demonstrate courage in essay writing without being confrontational by adopting a diplomatic yet assertive tone. Focus on presenting well-reasoned arguments backed by evidence while acknowledging alternative perspectives respectfully. Emphasize constructive dialogue and propose pragmatic solutions to complex problems, fostering a sense of inclusivity and rational discourse.

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