Ecology & Environment – General Studies

Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS) are carefully delineated regions characterized by their unique and delicate ecosystems, encompassing terrestrial, coastal, marine, and inland waters. 

UNESCO World Heritage Sites include natural areas celebrated for their extraordinary beauty and aesthetic value.

Biosphere reserves play a crucial role in promoting the conservation of biodiversity, fostering sustainable development, and facilitating research and monitoring efforts. 

Between 1982 and 2013, India added a total of 26 sites to the list of Ramsar sites. However, from 2014 to 2022, the country accelerated its efforts and added 49 new wetlands to the list, bringing the total to 75 sites covering an area of 13,26,677 hectares. 

Elephant Reserves in India are areas specially designated for the conservation and protection of elephants and their habitats.

India is home to a rich biodiversity, harboring a plethora of flora and fauna, including its iconic symbol of strength and majesty, the tiger. The tiger, often revered as the…

Conservation reserves and community reserves refer to designated protected areas in India aimed at serving as buffer zones, connectors, and migration corridors linking established national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and reserved and protected forests. 

National Parks in India serve as ideal habitats for preserving wildlife, providing natural environments and prey. Activities such as development, industry, forestry, poaching, hunting, and cultivation are strictly prohibited within their well-defined boundaries.

Reptiles, an ancient and diverse group of vertebrates, are facing a dire threat as many species teeter on the brink of extinction

The Red List categorizes fish species based on their population trends, distribution, and threats, providing crucial insights into the health of aquatic environments