Geography Optional Subject-Wise Previous Year Questions in UPSC Mains: Physical Setting (2013-2022)

The Physical Setting is a key component of geography, encompassing the natural features of the earth’s surface and the processes that shape them. It includes the study of landforms, bodies of water, weather and climate, vegetation, and soil.

Physical geography is concerned with understanding the interactions between the physical setting and human activities. For example, geographers study the ways in which landforms and soils influence agricultural practices, or how climate and water resources affect industrial development. They also investigate the impacts of human activities on the physical environment, such as land use change, deforestation, and climate change.

One of the key concepts in physical geography is the idea of systems. Physical geographers study the interactions between the various components of the earth’s physical systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. They seek to understand the feedback loops and interconnections between these systems, and how they influence each other over time.

Another important concept in physical geography is spatial analysis. Physical geographers use a variety of tools and techniques, such as remote sensing, GIS, and field observations, to map and analyze physical features and processes across space and time. This allows them to identify patterns and trends, make predictions, and develop strategies for sustainable management of the physical environment.

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Physical Setting Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains Geography Optional)

1. How do physiography and climate of India explain the biological diversity of the country? (10 Marks/2022)
2. Critically examine the factors affecting the unpredictability of South-West Monsoon system in India. (20 Marks/2022)
3. Soils of India, are clear reflections of the structure and process. Comment. (15 Marks/2022)
4. Incidence of extreme rainfall events and flash floods in recent times have led to devastating consequences for people living in low-lying areas and flood plains of the country. Discuss (15 Marks/2022)
5. Climate change has unsettled the rhythm of seasons. Comment with examples and empirical evidences. (10 Marks/2020)
6. Why is the Indian Monsoon erratic in nature? Explain. (10 Marks/2019)
7. Discuss the rainfall pattern and correlate it with spatial distribution of natural vegetation in India. (15 Marks/2019)
8. Present the salient features ofWest flowing rivers of India. (10 Marks/2019)
9. Explain the unusual intensity of dust storms and thunder storms across India in the pre-monsoon period of year 2018. (10 Marks/2018)
10. Distinguish the geographical aspects of North-Western lava plateau and Chota Nagpur Plateau of Peninsular India. (20 Marks/2018)
11. Give a reasoned account of unusual pattern of distribution of monsoonal rainfall in India in 2017. (10 Marks/2017)
12. Justify the inclusion of Meghalaya in PeninsularIndia and discuss its vegetation and soiltypes.(15 Marks/2017)
13. Drainage pattern in Peninsular India is a result of its geological structure and topography. Elaborate. (15 Marks/2017)
14. Explain the shifting of river courses and river capturing in the Himalayas. (20 Marks/2016)
15. Mention the space relationship of India with neighbouring countries. (15 Marks/2016)
16. Discuss the role of spatial pattern of rainfall and temperature in the delimitation of climatic regions of India especially with reference to Stamp’s climatic regionalization. (20 Marks/2016)
17. Describe the distribution of black soils in India and their specific use for agriculture. (15 Marks/2016)
18. Explain the pattern of winter rainfall in India. (10 Marks/2015)
19. How does natural vegetation affect the formation of in situ soils? (10 Marks/2015)
20. How is drainage pattern determined by the water divide? (10 Marks/2014)
21. Bring out the distribution of Laterite soils in India and their specific use for agriculture. (20 Marks/2014)
22. Describe the salient climatological characteristic of Rayalaseema region. (20 Marks/2014)
23. Explain the topographical and structural characteristics of the Siwalik Range. (10 Marks/2013)
24. Discuss the mechanism of Indian Monsoon. (10 Marks/2013)

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