Settlements are an important topic in Geography Optional that examines the patterns and characteristics of human settlements, such as villages, towns, and cities. Settlements are a reflection of human activity and they are shaped by various factors, such as physical geography, social and economic factors, and political and historical factors.
Physical geography, such as topography, climate, and natural resources, can influence the location, size, and shape of settlements. For example, settlements may be located near sources of water, such as rivers or lakes, or near fertile land suitable for agriculture. Settlements may also be influenced by accessibility to transportation networks, such as roads, railways, and ports.
Social and economic factors, such as population growth, employment opportunities, and migration, can also influence the characteristics of settlements. For example, urbanization, the growth of cities, is often driven by employment opportunities and migration from rural areas. The size and structure of settlements can also be influenced by social and cultural factors, such as family size, housing preferences, and community values.
Political and historical factors, such as government policies and historical events, can also shape settlements. For example, some settlements may have developed due to the location of administrative or political centers, while others may have developed as a result of colonization or historical trading routes.
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Settlements Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains Geography Optional)
- Examine the role of high population concentration in Indian slums in making them more vulnerable during pandemic conditions like the COVID-19. (15 Marks/2022)
- What are the drivers of urban sprawl around the major cities of the country? How have new investments in transport projects supported sprawl development? (15 Marks/2022)
- Critically examine the importance of Smart Cities Programme for solving urban problems in India. (15 Marks/2021)
- Critically examine the relevance of Ravenstein’s law of population migration with reference to India. (10 Marks/2021)
- Discuss Ashok Mitra’s classification method of Indian cities. (10 Marks/2021)
- Give a reasoned geographical account of changing rural folk houses in India. (15 Marks/2020)
- Identify challenges faced by generative and parasitic towns in India and their possible remedies. (10 Marks/2020)
- Urban sprawl around planned cities evolve leading to emergence of squatter settlements. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such outgrowth. (15 Marks/2020)
- Correlate the price of land, vertical growth of cities and the growth of slums in large cities of India. (10 Marks/2019)
- Provide a reasoned account on emerging conurbations in India and explain with suitable examples the problems associated with it. (15 Marks/2019)
- Examine the driving forces of changing urban morphology of million plus cities of India with suitable examples. (20 Marks/2018)
- Peri-urbanization has created enormous environmental problems.Discuss their causes and consequences with reference to the National Capital Region (N.C.R) of India. (15 Marks/2018)
- Small towns in India have problems and prospects of their own. Elaborate. (10 Marks/2017)
- Mention various methods of functional classification of towns in India and explain the method applied by Asok Mitra. (20 Marks/2017)
- How do slums develop? Give concrete suggestions for their improvement. (10 Marks/2016)
- Present a comparative analysis of geographical factors responsible for distribution of human settlements in Rajasthan desert and North-Eastern regions of India. (20 Marks/2016)
- Describe the causes and effects of urbanization in India and explain its impact on rural landscape and urban ecology. (20 Marks/2016)
- “Mono-functional towns are economically vulnerable” Discuss. (10 Marks/2015)
- Reduction in regional disparities has been one of the priority goals of national planning in India. How the proposed new Smart urban centres may contribute to the process? (20 Marks/2015)
- Analyse the feasibility of ‘Smart Towns’ development in India. (10 Marks/2014)
- Account for the multiple problems of urban agglomerations. (15 Marks/2014)
- Write note on the emergence of National Settlement System in colonial India and discuss the factors contributing to urbanization in post-independence period. (20 Marks/2013)
- Define slums and explain their problems. (15 Marks/2013)
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