In the context of Geography Optional, the term “Industry” refers to the economic activity that involves the processing and manufacturing of raw materials into finished products. Industries are essential for economic growth, job creation, and the development of infrastructure.
Industries can be categorized into different types, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. Primary industries involve the extraction and production of raw materials, such as mining and agriculture. Secondary industries involve the processing of raw materials into finished goods, such as manufacturing and construction. Tertiary industries involve the provision of services, such as transportation and banking.
The location and distribution of industries are influenced by various factors, such as access to raw materials, transportation networks, labor force, market demand, and government policies. Industrial development can lead to urbanization and the growth of cities, but it can also have negative impacts on the environment, such as pollution and depletion of natural resources.
Therefore, understanding the geography of industries is essential for policymakers, planners, and investors to make informed decisions regarding economic development, environmental sustainability, and social welfare.
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Industry Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains Geography Optional)
- Discuss the salient characteristics of industrial complexes of Western India. Examine the impact of SEZ policy on the region. (20 Marks/2022)
- Give a reasoned account of difference between sugar industry of North and Peninsular India.
(10 Marks/2021) - Examine the significance of ecotourism in relation to socio-economic development and biodiversity conservation in India. (15 Marks/2021)
- Identify the major industrial corridors of India and discuss the characteristics of Bengaluru-Mumbai corridor. (15 Marks/2021)
- Assess the growth of multinational corporations in liberalized economic environment of India. (15 Marks/2021)
- The pharmaceutical industry in India depends on the import of raw materials. Evaluate this statement in view of the Indo-Chinese relationship. (15 Marks/2020)
- Identify oilseeds producing areas in India and discuss the measures to promote edible oil industry. (15 Marks/2020)
- What are the characteristics of Blue Flag certified beaches? Discuss their significance for beach tourism in India. (15 Marks/2020)
- Critically analyse the role of multinational corporations in India’s economic development with suitable examples. (15 Marks/2019)
- Assess the importance of foot-loose industries in the development of backward regions in India. (10 Marks/2019)
- Explain the relevance of green tourism for sustainable development of mountain environments in India.
(15 Marks/2019) - Assess the suitability of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) for the sustainable economic development in India. (15 Marks/2018)
- Give a critical account of region-specific constraints of sustainable tourisms in India. (15 Marks/2018)
- Startups may play an important role in giving fillip to economic growth in India. Illustrate with examples. (15 Marks/2018)
- How may tourism in hilly areas of India be developed as an important source of economy? (15 Marks/2017)
- Mini steel plants can act as an instrument of decentralization of Iron and Steel industry in India. Explain. (10 Marks/2017)
- Name the major industrial regions of India indicating the bases of their identification. Highlight their basic problems. (20 Marks/2017)
- Explain the New Industrial Policies in India. (15 Marks/2016)
- “The Bokaro Iron and steel plant is an example of Industrial complex”. Explain. (10 Marks/2016)
- Analyse the location, distributional pattern and problems of cotton textile industries in India.
(20 Marks/2016) - Why does the pharmaceutical industry concentrate largely in the western region of the country? (10 Marks/2015)
- Why is the traditional crafts industry in India on the decline? (15 Marks/2015)
- Explain how eco-tourism activities could be important livelihood options in the Himalayan and North-Eastern regions of the country. (10 Marks/2014)
- Location of thermal power plants and coal fields in India are not mutually conductive. Analyse. (10 Marks/2014)
- Describe the problems of agro-based industries in India in general and cotton textiles in particular. (15 Marks/2014)
- What are the desired possible changes in our trade policy to promote the development of cottage industry? (15 Marks/2014)
- Identify the main industrial clusters of India and account for their development. (10 Marks/2013)
- Explain the role of multifunctional in globalization of industries in India. (15 Marks/2013)
- Distributional pattern of industries in India does not provide requisite basis for division of the country into distinct industrial regions. Elaborate. (20 Marks/2013)
- Discuss the problems in realization of benefits of globalization and liberalization in industrial sector of India. (15 Marks/2013)
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