Population and Settlement geography is a branch of geography that studies the distribution and dynamics of human populations across space and time. It is concerned with understanding the factors that influence where and how people live, and how population patterns and settlement systems change over time.
One of the key concepts in population and settlement geography is population distribution. Population distribution refers to the spatial pattern of human settlement, and the factors that influence where people choose to live. Population geographers study how factors such as climate, topography, resources, and infrastructure influence population distribution, and how these patterns change over time.
Population and settlement geography is also concerned with the relationship between population and the environment. Geographers study the impact of human population growth and settlement patterns on the natural environment, and how environmental factors such as climate change, resource depletion, and natural hazards affect human settlement patterns and population distribution.
Finally, population and settlement geography is concerned with the social and economic dynamics of human settlement systems. Geographers study how settlement patterns influence social and economic development, and how social and economic factors in turn shape settlement patterns.
Overall, population and settlement geography provides valuable insights into the complex relationships between human populations, settlement patterns, and the natural and built environment. It is a critical field of study for understanding the spatial dynamics of human societies, and for developing strategies to promote sustainable and equitable development.
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Population & Settlement Geography Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains Geography Optional)
- Examine the morphological factors that influence the origin and growth of town. (10 Marks/2022)
- Over crowding leads to chronic problem of shortage of housing in Indian cities” Explain citing relevant examples. (15 Marks/2022)
- How migration is affected by push and pull factors? Explain how these factors play/ a role in understanding new settlement patterns. (20 Marks/2022)
- Small number of mega cities are playing key role in organization of global economics and culture. Explain. (15 Marks/2021)
- Aging population has adverse social and economic consequences. Explain with examples. (15 Marks/2021)
- Distinguish between mobility and migration.What are the causes and consequences of rural to urban migration in India? (10 Marks/2020)
- Compare and contrast the Malthusian and Neo-Malthusian perspectives in the context of population growth, resource use and environmental impact. (20 Marks/2020)
- Discuss the concept of urban resilience in the context of planning for sustainable development with reference to towns and cities of India. (20 Marks/2020)
- Provide an account of world population transition in the context of fertility decline and socio-economic development. (15 Marks/2020)
- Explain the relationship between net reproductive rate (NRR) and true replacement level of population. (10 Marks/2019)
- What do you mean by ‘climate migrants’? Suggest appropriate policies and programmes for their resettlement. (15 Marks/2019)
- Assess the challenges for countries with the largest shares of aged populations. (15 Marks/2019)
- Explain the concepts of “megalopolis” and “exopolis” with regard to the growth of cities indicating whether the two can and do overlap. (10 Marks/2018)
- Citing examples from Asia and Europe, comment upon the contexts within which pro natalist population policies are advanced what could be the implications of these policies on women’s workforce participation. (15 Marks/2018)
- Comment upon the contributions of D.M Smith in outlining „welfare as a key focus in the geographies of social well-being. (15 Marks/2018)
- Examine the causes and consequences of forced migration of population in the present context. (15 Marks/2017)
- “There are considerable demographic similarities between West European nations and Japan.” Explain. (15 Marks/2017)
- Define the quality of life and explain its parameters with adequate examples. (15 Marks/2017)
- Explain the concept of social capital in relation to India. (15 Marks/2017)
- Discuss the role of site in determining the types and patterns of rural settlements. (15 Marks/2016)
- Describe the regional pattern of Life Expectancy in the world and bring out the challenges faced by developing countries due to increasing life expectancy. (20 Marks/2016)
- Discuss Nelson’s method of functional classification of towns. (10 Marks/2015)
- Cortication examine the theories on population migration. (15 Marks/2015)
- Discuss the factors responsible for counter- urbanisation. (10 Marks/2014)
- Write short note: Mishra’s theoretical stages of Rural-Urban process. (10 Marks/2013)
- What are Geriatrics?What are the problems associated with Geriatric population? (20 Marks/2013)
- “Urban Geography is nothing but city “in” area and city “as” area.” Elaborate. (25 Marks/2013)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What are the predominant themes covered in the Population and Settlement Geography section of the UPSC Mains Geography Optional Previous Year Questions (2013-2022)?
The predominant themes in the Population and Settlement Geography section include demographic trends, migration patterns, urbanization, rural-urban dynamics, population policies, and settlement geography. Questions often delve into the impact of these factors on regional development and societal well-being.
2. How frequently do questions on Population and Settlement Geography appear in the UPSC Mains Geography Optional papers from 2013 to 2022?
Over the past decade, questions related to Population and Settlement Geography have been a consistent feature in the UPSC Mains Geography Optional papers. On average, candidates can expect at least one or two questions annually, emphasizing the importance of a thorough understanding of demographic and settlement patterns.
3. What specific topics within Population and Settlement Geography are commonly addressed in the UPSC Mains exams during the mentioned period?
Commonly addressed topics include population growth and control, migration (internal and international), urbanization trends, patterns of settlement, and the impact of demographic factors on economic and social development. Additionally, questions often explore the relationship between population dynamics and environmental sustainability.
4. How can aspirants effectively prepare for Population and Settlement Geography based on the insights from the previous years’ questions (2013-2022)?
Aspirants should focus on a comprehensive study of demographic theories, population policies, settlement patterns, and the interplay between population and development. Analyzing previous years’ questions helps identify recurring themes, allowing candidates to prioritize specific topics and develop a well-rounded understanding of the subject.
5. Are there any notable changes or evolving trends in the nature of Population and Settlement Geography questions in UPSC Mains over the given period?
While the fundamental concepts remain consistent, there may be shifts in emphasis. Aspirants should stay updated on contemporary issues related to population and settlement dynamics, such as the impact of technology on migration, changing patterns of urbanization, and evolving demographic challenges. Regularly reviewing recent trends ensures a more nuanced and current preparation strategy.
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