Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar’s philosophy was deeply rooted in the principles of social justice, equality, and human rights. He was a vocal advocate for the rights of the oppressed and marginalized sections of Indian society, including Dalits (formerly known as untouchables), women, and religious minorities. Ambedkar rejected the caste system and believed that it perpetuated social inequality and injustice. He worked tirelessly to uplift Dalits and other marginalized communities in India and fought for their rights to education, employment, and social and political representation. Ambedkar also believed in the power of education to bring about social change and transformation. He argued that education was a key tool for the emancipation of Dalits and other marginalized communities, and called for greater access to education for all. Ambedkar’s philosophy was also influenced by his belief in the principles of democracy and the rule of law. He was a strong proponent of a constitutional democracy, and believed that the principles of equality and social justice must be enshrined in the country’s legal framework. Finally, Ambedkar emphasized the importance of individual freedom and self-respect. He believed that every individual, regardless of their social or economic background, should have the right to live with dignity and respect, and that this could only be achieved through the eradication of social inequality and the establishment of a just and equitable society.

Ambedkar’s philosophy through Constitutional provisions

The philosophy that is enshrined in the Indian constitution based on the principles of Ambedkar is social democracy. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who was the chief architect of the Indian Constitution, believed in the principles of equality, justice, and fraternity. He envisioned a society where everyone has equal rights and opportunities, regardless of their caste, creed, or gender. He was a strong advocate of social justice and believed that the state had a duty to uplift the marginalized and oppressed sections of society. The Indian Constitution reflects Ambedkar’s philosophy by providing for a range of social welfare measures, including affirmative action programs, reservation of seats in educational institutions and government jobs for socially and economically backward classes, and protections for minority communities. The Constitution also guarantees fundamental rights such as the right to equality, the right to freedom of speech and expression, and the right to life and personal liberty. Ambedkar’s philosophy of social democracy emphasizes the importance of democratic institutions, social and economic equality, and the protection of individual rights. It recognizes that true democracy cannot exist without social justice and the elimination of inequality, and that the state has a crucial role to play in achieving these goals. 

Here are some relevant citations from the Indian Constitution that reflect the philosophy of social democracy based on the principles of Ambedkar:

1. The Preamble to the Constitution:

The Preamble to the Indian Constitution sets out the fundamental principles and values that underpin the Constitution. It begins with the phrase “We, the people of India” and goes on to state that the Constitution is adopted to secure for all citizens “Justice, social, economic and political; Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; Equality of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation.” This passage reflects Ambedkar’s vision of a society where every citizen has equal rights and opportunities, regardless of their caste, creed, or gender. It also emphasizes the importance of social justice and the protection of individual rights.

2. Article 14:

Article 14 of the Constitution guarantees the right to equality before the law and the equal protection of the laws. It states that “The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.” This provision reflects Ambedkar’s belief in the principle of equality and his commitment to the elimination of discrimination based on caste, creed, or gender.

3. Article 15:

Article 15 of the Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. It states that “The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.” This provision reflects Ambedkar’s commitment to social justice and his belief that the state has a duty to protect the rights of all citizens, especially those who are marginalized or oppressed. 

4. Article 17:

Article 17 of the Constitution abolishes the practice of untouchability. It states that “Untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of ‘Untouchability’ shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.” This provision reflects Ambedkar’s commitment to the elimination of caste-based discrimination and his belief that the state has a duty to take active measures to promote social justice.

5. Article 46:

Article 46 of the Constitution provides for the promotion of educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of society, including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. It states that “The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.” This provision reflects Ambedkar’s commitment to the promotion of social and economic equality and his belief that the state has a duty to uplift the marginalized and oppressed sections of society.