1. Formulation of Public Policy – Although policy making is primarily the responsibility of the legislature, civil servants play an active role in the determination and formulation of public policy. Their technical expertise in areas such as data collection, grassroots situations, and targeted interventions is crucial for effective policy making.

2. Implementation of Public Policies – Civil servants are responsible for executing policies passed by the legislature, and they are granted significant discretionary powers to do so. Before taking action, they carefully weigh all factors that may impact policy implementation and must act impartially and honestly according to legislative standards and the rule of law.

3. Delegated Legislation – Civil servants are responsible for framing departmental legislation, which involves developing detailed rules and regulations for public policies and legislation while considering the complexities at the grassroots level. These rules and regulations are scrutinized by the legislature before being enforced by civil servants.

4. Administrative Adjudication – Civil servants exercise quasi-judicial powers to determine cases involving the rights and obligations of private citizens or parties. These powers are necessary to secure the public interest and protect vulnerable individuals from exploitation.