Impact/Constructive Criticism of French Revolution

Pros:

1. Inspiration for Independence Movements: The French Revolution served as an inspiration for independence movements around the world. European colonial powers like Spain and Portugal were weakened due to wars with France, leading to colonies in South and Central America declaring themselves as independent republics. For example, Haiti gained freedom through an armed revolt and provided protection to Simon Bolivar during his struggle for South American independence.
2. Abolition of Slavery: The French Revolution played a role in the abolition of slavery. It marked the first significant move against this oppressive system, with Britain following suit in 1833 and the USA banning it in 1865.
3. Destruction of Feudalism: The revolution led to the destruction of feudalism in France. Old feudal laws were repealed, and lands of nobles and the church were confiscated and redistributed. This anti-feudalism wave in 19th-century Europe can be traced back to the events in France. Additionally, the French Revolution contributed to the transition from feudalism to capitalism.
4. Democratic Constitution: The Jacobian constitution, though it was never fully implemented, was one of the first genuinely democratic constitutions. It granted the right to vote to all citizens and even recognized the Right to Insurrection, allowing citizens to revolt against the government. It emphasized the government's responsibility to provide employment and prioritize the happiness of the people.
5. Napoleonic Code: Under Napoleon's rule, the Napoleonic Code, a civil code for France, was introduced. Some of its provisions, such as merit-based recruitment to government jobs and an emphasis on clearly written law, continue to influence the legal systems of France and other nations.
6. Global Influence: The French Revolution inspired movements against colonialism in various colonies and led to the rise of movements for democracy and self-rule in Europe. The working class played a significant role in the revolution, leading to the rise of workers' solidarity and democratic movements, particularly in industrialized nations like Britain.

Cons:

1. Limited Success: The French Revolution had limited success in achieving its objectives. The post-revolution regime failed to address the grievances of the workers, who were a major force during the 1789 uprising. The peasants benefited, becoming landowners of confiscated property, but democratic rule remained elusive.
2. Reign of Terror: The Reign of Terror under the Jacobins was marked by mass slaughter and the violation of the rule of law, with brutal force overshadowing the revolution's ideals.
3. Nationalism and Conquest: Napoleon's continuous warfare and conquests fueled nationalism in the invaded territories. He was perceived as a conqueror rather than a liberator, contributing to the rise of nationalism in these regions. This nationalism later played a role in the unification of Germany and Italy in the 1870s.