The Indian Circus is a mesmerizing art form that has captivated audiences for over a century. It's a vibrant tapestry of entertainment, skill, and tradition that has evolved and thrived in the diverse cultural landscape of India. In this article, we will embark on a journey through the enchanting world of Indian Circus, exploring its rich history, evolution, and the challenges it faces in the modern era.
A Legacy of Entertainment
The roots of the Indian Circus trace back to the 1880s when the modern circus, as envisioned by Philip Astley (often considered the founder of the modern circus), made its debut in India. However, India has a long history of street performances and shows akin to circuses, dating back to ancient times. These traditional forms of entertainment were infused with new life and innovation when the modern circus arrived on Indian soil.
The Visionaries Behind Indian Circus
Great Indian Circus, India's very first circus company, was founded by Vishnupant Chatre, often hailed as the Father of Indian Circus. His journey into the world of circus began when he acquired much of the equipment from Giuseppe Chiarini's Royal Italian Circus, which toured India in 1879.
India saw the emergence of several pioneering circus companies, each contributing to the growth and popularity of this captivating art form. The Great Bengal Circus, established by Priyanath Bose in 1887, traveled across Bengal, India, and Southeast Asia, spreading the magic of the circus.
In Kerala, the Grand Malabar Circus, founded by Pariyali Kannan in 1904, marked the beginning of a significant circus revolution. This period witnessed the rise of many talented acrobats and performers who honed their skills under the guidance of circus masters like Keeleri Kunhikannan, who played a pivotal role in shaping the Indian Circus.
Kerala Connection
Keeleri Kunhikannan, a gymnastics and martial arts instructor, had a profound impact on the Indian Circus. He established a circus academy in Chirakkara, Kerala, in 1901, which became the epicenter of the circus revolution. Kunhikannan's academy produced a stream of skilled acrobats and performers who went on to establish their circus companies. His legacy earned him the title of "Father of Kerala Circus."
Indian Circus: A Sad State
Despite its glorious history and cultural significance, the Indian Circus faces significant challenges in the modern era. The number of circuses in India has dwindled drastically, from 300 in the 1990s to less than 30 today.
Several factors have contributed to this decline:
- Limited Access: The circus industry has often remained a closely guarded family affair, making it difficult for new talent and skilled managers to enter the field.
- Age Restrictions: The Supreme Court's restriction on recruiting performers under the age of 14 has constrained the supply of young talent, impacting the circus industry.
- Ban on Wild Animals: The ban on the use of wild animals in circus performances, enacted in 1997, eliminated a popular attraction, leading to reduced audience interest.
- Perceived Risks: Many parents are hesitant to allow their children to pursue circus as a career due to its perceived risks.
- Changing Entertainment Landscape: The availability of modern forms of entertainment has led to a decline in interest among the younger generation.
Reviving the Magic of Indian Circus
While the challenges facing the Indian Circus are substantial, there are several steps that can be taken to rejuvenate this captivating art form:
- Safety Regulations: Enforce stringent safety regulations to enhance the professionalism and reputation of the circus industry.
- Promotion of Traditional Arts: Utilize circuses as a platform to raise awareness about traditional and disappearing art forms.
- Government Support: Provide support and protection to circus artists and companies, acknowledging their cultural significance.
- Change in Jurisdiction: Consider shifting the oversight of circuses from the Department of Sports and Youth Affairs to the Ministry of Culture to recognize circuses as a form of art.
The Indian Circus is not just a form of entertainment; it's a living heritage that reflects the spirit and creativity of India. As efforts are made to revive and preserve this captivating art form, we can hope to witness the magic of the Indian Circus continue to enthrall audiences for generations to come.
