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NCERT Notes
Indian Polity NCERT Notes
Constitutional Development
Making of the Indian Constitution
Salient Features of the Indian Constitution
Preamble
The Union and its Territories
Citizenship
Fundamental Rights
Directive Principles of State Policy
Fundamental Duties
The President
Vice President
Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
Parliament of India
State Executive
State legislature
Geography NCERT Notes
Geography as a discipline
The universe and the solar system
Origin and evolution of earth
Motions of the earth
Latitudes and longitudes
Rocks
Earthquake Tsunami volcano
Earth movement and related forms
Topography or Landforms
Atmosphere Composition and Structure
Solar radiation heat Budget and temperature
Atmospheric pressure and winds
Humidity and Precipitation
Air Masses, fronts and cyclone
Climate and Climatic Regions
The Ocean and its Properties
Ocean temperature salinity deposits and coral reefs
Waves, Ocean Currents and Tides
Soils and natural Vegetation
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Minerals and Energy Resources
Major Industries and Industrial Regions of the World
Transport and communication
Population and urbanisation
Races and Tribes
Regional Geography
A General Introduction
India Geological Structure
Physiography of India
Drainage System of India
Soils in India
Natural Vegetation
Climate of India
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Irrigation and Multi- Purpose Projects
Mineral Resources
Energy Resources
Industries in India
Transport and communication
Population and Urbanisation in India
Races and Tribes of India
Indian States and Union Territories
Indian States and Union Territories
Indian History NCERT Notes
Sources of Ancient Indian History
The Stone Age
Indus Valley Civilisation
The Vedic Age
Mahajanapadas and rise of mangadha
Jainism and Buddhism
The Mauryan Empire
The Post Mauryan period
The Sangam Age
The Gupta Age
The Post Gupta Era
Various Aspects of Ancient India
Arab and Turkish Invasions in India
Kingdoms of South India
Rise of Kingdoms
The Sultanate of Delhi
Vijayanagara and Bahmani Kingdoms
Emergence of religious movements
The Mughal Empire
The Mughal Administration
Maratha Empire
Later Mughals
Rise Regional States
The advent of Europeans in India
Consolidation of british power in India
Administrative and Economic Policies Under British Rule
Social and Religious Reform Movements
Revolt of 1857
Development of education and Press
Tribal, Peasant, and civil Uprisings
Indian national phase 1
Indian national phase 11
Indian national phase 111
Independence (1940-1947)
India after Independence
Governors, Governors- Generals and Viceroys
Important 30 Themes for UPSC Prelims 2024
Important Subject Wise Themes
Prelims 2024
Indian Heritage & Culture
Indian Heritage & Culture - Topic Wise Syllabus
Topic Wise Syllabus
Architecture
Indus Civilization
Temple Architecture
Indo-Islamic Architecture
Rock-cut Architecture
Buddhist Architecture
Famous temples built during the reign of several empires in South India
Mauryan Architecture
Post Mauryan Art
Gupta Age Architecture
Important ancient Inscriptions and Edicts
Famous Universities of Ancient India
Major Buddhist Pilgrimage Sites in India
Major Jain Pilgrimage Sites in India
Modern Architecture
Post-Independence architecture
Sculpture
Indus Civilization Sculpture
Buddhist Sculpture
Mauryan Sculpture
Post Mauryan Sculpture
Gupta Sculpture
Medieval School of Sculpture
Modern Indian Sculpture
Indian Paintings
Prehistoric Paintings
Mural Paintings & Cave Paintings
Indian Miniature Painting: Evolution and Early Schools
Rajasthani School of Painting
Pahari Style of Painting
Decanni School of Painting
Folk Paintings
Ragamala Paintings
Modern Indian Paintings
Personalities Associated to Paintings
Religion
Hinduism
Jainism
Buddhism
Islam
Christianity
Zoroastrianism
Judaism
Philosophy
Philosophy Notes
Indian Music
Hindustani Classical Music
Carnatic Music
Folk Music Tradition
Modern Music
Musical Instruments
Indian Dance
Classical Dance forms in India
Folk Dances
Theatre
Folk Theatre
Modern Theatre
Puppetry
History of Puppetry and Different forms of Puppetry in India
Indian Cinema and Circus
Indian Cinema
Circus
Bhakti & Sufi Movement
Bhakti Movement
Sufi Movement
Languages in India
Classification of Indian Languages
Official Languages and Status of Classical Language
Ancient Scripts of India
Indian Literature
Hindu Literature in Ancient India
Literature in Pali and Prakrit
Sikh Literature
Dravidian Literature
Medieval Literature
Modern Literature
Fairs and Festivals
Religious Festivals
Secular Festivals
Festivals of North-East India
Fairs of India
Indian Handicrafts
Handicrafts
Science & Technology
Ancient Science & Technology
Medieval Science & Technology
Promotion and Preservation of Indian Heritage
Indian World Heritage Sites
Important Cultural Institutions
Pottery tradition in India
Pottery in India
Martial Arts in India
Martial Arts in India
Coins
Coins of India
Miscellaneous
Ports
Foreign Travellers
Foreign Travellers of India
Ancient Indian History
Prehistoric period
Palaeolithic Period
Mesolithic Period
Neolithic Period
Chalcolithic Period
Harappan / Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization
Vedic Age
Vedic Age Notes
Mahajanapadas and Rise of Magadha
Mahajanapadas and Rise of Magadha Notes
16 Mahajanapadas
Republics and Monarchies
Key Dynasties -Haryanka dynasty, Shishunaga Dynasty & Nanda Dynasty
Persian Invasion of India
Economy & System of Administration
Rise of Magadha Empire
Foreign Invasion
Iranian Invasion
Macedonian Invasion
Seleucid Invasion
Mauryan Age
Mauryan Empire: Origin and Expansion
Rulers of the Mauryas
Mauryan Society and Literary Sources
Mauryan Art and Architecture
Mauryan Economy
The Mauryan Administration
Decline of the Mauryas
Post Mauryan Age
Indo Greek Invasion
Sungas and Kanvas
Shaka
Kushanas
Kanishka
Satavahanas
Meghvarman Dynasty
Ikshavaku Dynasty
Chedis
Parthians
Indo-Sassanian
Post Mauryan Administration
Post Mauryan Socio-economic Conditions
Gupta Age
Gupta Age Notes
Sangam Age
Sangam Age Notes
Kingdoms of South India
Vakataka
Kalabhra
Hoysalas
Yadavas of Devagiri
Kakatiyas
Post Gupta Age
Maukharis
Maitrakas
Gaudas
Hunas
Pushyabhutis - Vardhana Dynasty (Harshavardhana)
Age of Three Empires - Palas, Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas
Rajput Kingdoms
Society under Rajput Kingdoms
Failure of Rajput Kingdoms
Medieval Indian History
Major Dynasties of Early Medieval Period
The Pratiharas
The Palas
The Senas
The Rashtrakutas
Chola Empire
Chola Empire Notes
Turkish Conquest of India
Ghaznavid
Muhammad Ghori
Battle of Tarai
Turkish conquest of Ganga Valley (Bihar and Bengal)
Rajput States
Rajput States Notes
Delhi Sultanate
Foundation of Delhi Sultanate
Slave Dynasty
Mangols
The Khaljis
The Tughlaqs
The Sayyids
The Lodhis
Administration During Delhi Sultanate Period
Economy During Delhi Sultanate Period
Literature and Languages during Delhi Sultanate
Architecture during Delhi Sultanates
Rise of Provincial Kingdoms
Gujarat + Malwa + Mewar + Kashmir + Odisha
Ganga Dynasty
Gajapati Dynasty
Vijayanagara Kingdom
Origin of Vijayanagara, Dynasty and Rulers under Vijayanagara Empire
Political & Economic History of Vijayanagara
Society of Vijayanagara
Administration of Vijayanagara
Architecture in Vijayanagara
Bahamani Kingdom
Bahmani Kingdom
Society of Bahamani Kingdom
Political History of Bahamani Kingdom
Administration of Bahamani Kingdom
Tensions between Vijayanagar Empire and Bahmani Kingdom
Mughal Empire
Zaheeruddin Mohammad Babur (1526-30AD)
Nasiruddin Mohammad Humayn (1530-1540 ; 1555-56)
Sher Shah Suri (1540-55)
Humayun (1555-1556)
Akbar (1556-1605)
Jahangir (1605-1627)
Shah Jahan (1627-1658)
Aurangzeb (1657-1707)
Administration in Mughal Empire
Literature during Mughals
Painting during Mughals
Architecture during Mughals
Mansabdari and Jagirdari
Revenue Administration
Decline of Mughals
Maratha
The Marathas and their Policy of Expansion
The Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk
The Maratha Advance into Gujarat and Malwa
The Maratha Advance into Doab and Punjab
First Phase (1741-52); Second Phase (1752-61)
Third Battle of Panipat
Shivaji (1627-1680)
Shivaji’s administration
Successors of Shivaji + policies +decline
The Peshwas (1713-1818)
Other Indian States ( The Bhonsles The Gaikwads Holkars Sindhias)
Economic Condition in 18th Century
Social and Cultural Life
Later Mughals
Later Mughals Notes
Religious Movements During Medieval Period
Bhakti Movement
Sufi Movement
Modern Indian History
Advent of the Europeans in India
Advent of the Europeans in India - Notes
Portuguese
Dutch
English
Danes
French
Why the English Succeeded against Other European Powers
India on the Eve of British Conquest
Causes of Decline of Mughal Empire
Rise of Regional States
Socio-Economic Conditions - Agriculture, Society & Culture, Education & Trade
Expansion and Consolidation of British Power in India
Causes of British Success in India
British Conquest of Bengal
Carnatic Wars
Anglo-Mysore Wars
Anglo-Maratha Wars
Conquest of Sindh
Conquest of Punjab
Extension of British Paramountcy Through Administrative Policy
The Policy of Ring-Fence
Subsidiary Alliance
Doctrine of Lapse
Relations of British India with Neighbouring Countries
Anglo-Burmese Relations
Anglo-Tibetan Relations
Anglo-Afghan Relations
John Lawrence and the Policy of Masterly Inactivity
Lytton and the Policy of Proud Reserve
British India and the North-West Frontier
People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857
Civil Uprisings
Peasant Movements
Tribal Revolts
Sepoy Mutinies
Weaknesses of People’s Uprisings
The Revolt of 1857
The 1857 Revolt: the Major Causes
Beginning, Spread & Suppression of the 1857 Revolt
Why the Revolt Failed
Hindu-Muslim Unity Factor
Nature of the Revolt
Consequences & Significance of the 1857 Revolt
Popular Uprisings After 1857
Popular Uprisings After 1857
Socio-Religious Reform Movements
Factors Giving Rise to Desire for Reform
Impact of British Rule
Social and Ideological Bases of Reform
Reform Movement in Western India
Reform Movement in Eastern India
Reform Movement in North India
Reform Movement in South India
Significance of Reform Movements
Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India - Introduction
Factors in the Growth of Modern Nationalism
Political, Administrative and Economic Unification of the Country
Western Thought and Education
Role of Press and Literature
Rise of Middle Class Intelligentsia & Impact of Contemporary Movements in the World
Political Associations Before the Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress
Foundation of Indian National Congress
Safety Valve
Aims and Objectives of the Congress
Moderate Phase
The Moderates Phase of Indian National Movement (1885-1905)
National Movement (1905-1918)
Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909)
Growth of Militant Nationalism
The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
The Movement under Extremist Leadership
Annulment of Partition
Evaluation of the Swadeshi Movement
Formation of Muslim League
Surat Split
Morley-Minto Reforms—1909 & its Evaluation
First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907-1917)
Reasons for the Revolutionary Activities
Revolutionary Activities in India
Revolutionary Activities Abroad
First World War and Nationalist Response
Home Rule League Movement
Tilak and Besant's Home Rule League Movement
Lucknow Session of the Indian National Congress (1916)
Montagu’s Statement of August 1917 & Indian Objections
Gandhi’s Experience in South Africa
Mass Nationalism Begins (1919-1939)
Emergence of Gandhi
Gandhian Ideaologies
Reasons for Nationalist Resurgence
Impact of Russian Revolution
Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and Government of India Act, 1919
Champaran Satyagraha (1917)—First Civil Disobedience
Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)—First Hunger Strike
Kheda Satyagraha (1918)—First Non-Cooperation
Rowlatt Act & Satyagraha
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
Hunter Committee
Non-Cooperation Movement and Khilafat Aandolan
Non-Cooperation Movement and Khilafat Aandolan
Non-Cooperation Movement
Khilafat Movement
Why Gandhi Withdrew the Movement
Evaluation of Khilafat Non-Cooperation Movement
Emergence of Swarajists, Socialist Ideas, Revolutionary Activities and Other New Forces
Swarajists and No-Changers
Socialistic Ideas, Youth Power, Trade Unionism
Revolutionary Activity During the 1920s
Major Influences in Different Parts of India
Simon Commission and the Nehru Report
Indian Statutory Commission - Simon Commission
Nehru Report
Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences
Civil Disobedience Movement
Run-up to Civil Disobedience Movement
Political Activity during 1929
Irwin’s Declaration
Delhi Manifesto
Lahore Congress and Purna Swaraj
Salt Satyagraha
Gandhi’s Eleven Demands
Gandhi-Irwin Pact
End and Evaluation of Civil Disobedience Movement
Karachi Congress Session—1931
The Round Table Conferences
Second Phase of CDM
Communal Award and Poona Pact
Gandhi’s Harijan Campaign
Similarities between Gandhi and Ambedkar
Comparison between Civil Disobedience Movement and the Non-Cooperation Movement
Debates on the Future Strategy after Civil Disobedience Movement
Debates on the Future Strategy after Civil Disobedience Movement
Nehru’s Vision - Struggle-Victory and Opposition to STS
Gandhi's Vision - StruggleTruce-Struggle Strategy
Government of India Act, 1935
Features and Evaluations & Nationalists’ Response
Congress Manifesto for Elections and Performance
Congress Rule in Provinces and its Evaluation
Towards Freedom and Partition 1939-1947
Nationalist Response in the Wake of World War II
Haripura and Tripuri Sessions
Gandhi and Bose: Ideological Differences
Second World War and Nationalistic Response
Congress Offer to Viceroy
Government Attitude and Congress Ministries’ Resignation
August Offer - Responses and Evaluation
Individual Satyagrahas
Cripps Mission (March 1942)
Quit India Movement, Demand for Pakistan, and the INA
Quit India Resolution
Spread of the Movement, Extent of Mass Participation and Government Repression
Famine of 1943
Rajagopalachari Formula
Desai-Liaqat Pact
Wavell Plan - Muslim League and Congress Stand
Indian National Army and Bose
Post-War National Scenario
Post-War National Scenario
Congress Election Campaign and INA Trials
INA Agitation
Three Upsurges—Winter of 1945-46
Election Results - Performance of League and Congress
Cabinet Mission Plan—Main Points
Communal Holocaust and the Interim Government
Independence with Partition
Attlee’s Statement
Mountbatten as the Viceroy
Mountbatten Plan
Indian Independence Act
Inevitability of Partition - Why Congress Accepted Partition
India Under British Rule - Governance and Other Aspects
Constitutional Development between 1773 and 1935
Evolution of Civil Services in India
Development of Judiciary in British India
British Social and Cultural Policy in India
British Policy Towards Princely States
British Foreign Policy in India
Development of Indian Press
Development of Education
Peasant Movements 1857-1947
Movement of the Working Class
Movement of the Women
Economic Impact of British Rule in India
Deindustrialisation - Ruin of Artisans and Handicraftsmen
Commercialisation of Indian Agriculture
World History
Feudalism
Introduction (Why did Feudalism Develop)
Features of Feudalism
The Church rule
Dark Ages
The Changing Times
Emergence of Trade, Towns and Cities
Change in Method of Production: Guilds
Rise in influence of Merchant Class
Transition to Capitalist Economy
King Merchant Nexus and the Peasant Revolts
Modern Era
Renaissance & Reformation
Beginning of International Trade
The Rise and Fall of the Absolute Monarchy
The English Revolution
Seven Year Global War (1754-63)
Introduction
Reason behind the War
Result: Treaty of Paris of 1763
American Revolution (1765-1783)
Introduction
Reasons for American resentments against the British
Mercantile Capitalism
Proclamation of 1763
Role of Enlightenment Thinkers
Recovery of (Seven Year) War Expenditure
No Representation in British Parliament
Intolerable Acts of 1774 & the Philadelphia Congress
American Revolutionary War (1775)
Second Treaty of Paris 1783
French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars
Reasons behind French Revolution
Three Estates
Unpopular Monarchy & financial troubles
Role of Enlightenment
Events in the French Revolution of 1789.
Impact/Constructive Criticism of French Revolution
Comparison of the American and French Revolution
Nationalism - Rise and Impact
Concept of Nation
Misuse by Absolute Monarchs
Role of Revolutionary Thinkers
Industrial Revolution & Nationalism
Unification of Germany and of Italy
Unification of Germany
Social & Economic conditions
Role of Napoleonic Wars & French Revolution
Failure to unite under a Democracy
Unification under Bismarck: Policy of Blood & Iron
Unification of Italy
Role of 1848 Revolts
Industrial Revolution
History of Methods of Production before Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Why Industrial Revolution first in England?
Components of Industrial Revolution
Revolution in Textile Sector
Steam Power
Revolution in Iron Production
Revolution in Transport & Communication
Agriculture Revolution
Impact of Industrial Revolution
Spread of Industrial Revolution outside England
Colonialism + Imperialism
The History of Colonialism
Colonization
Impact of Colonialism
Relation between Colonialism and Mercantile Capitalism
Difference between Colonialism and Imperialism
Definition of New Imperialism
History of New Imperialism
Colonialism in Africa
France in Scramble for Africa
Britain in Scramble for Africa
Germany in Scramble for Africa
Italy in Scramble for Africa
Impact of Colonialism on Africa
Colonialism + Imperialist in the world
Colonialism in Pacific
Colonialism in Central and West Asia
Colonialism in China
Imperialist Japan
Imperialist US
Major events before World War -I
Causes of Friction within Europe
Events during World war I
Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points (1918)
Attitude of the Allied Powers & the Peace treaties
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Sevres (1920)
Treaty of St Germain (1919)
Treaty of Trianon (1920)
Verdict on Peace Treaties
Impact of the World War I (1914-19)
The World from 1919-23
League of Nations
Aims of the League of Nation
League Covenant
Organizational Structure of the League of Nations
Evaluation of Performance of League of Nations
Success of the League of Nations
Failures/Causes of Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations
Impact of the failure of the League of Nations
Comparison of UN with the League of Nations
Similarities between UN and LoN
1929 to Second World War
The Great Economic Depression of 1929
National Movement in Asia and Africa
Spanish Civil War 1931
Lausanne Conference (1932)
World Disarmament Conference 1932
Fascism in Italy
Munich Pact 1938
Poland Invasion 1939
Battle of Stalin Grad 1942
After World Wars
Yalta Conference 1945 and Formation of UNO
International Relations
France-Germany relations (1919-33)
Britain-USSR Relations (1919-33)
USSR-Germany Relations (1919-33)
USSR-France Relationship (1919-33)
Adolf Hitler & The Nazis
Europe Post Second World War
Communism in Europe
Cold War
Decolonisation
Decolonisation of Asia and Africa
Chinese Revoltion 1949
Formation of NAM
Vietnam War 1955 - 75
Israel and Palestine Conflict
Post - Independence
Challenges Before India After Independence
Radcliffe Commission, Composition and Challenges
Challenges Associated with Division of Resources
Assassination of Gandhi
Rehabilitation and Resettlement of Refugees
Indian States
Policy of Equal Federation (1935-1947)
Integration and Merger of Indian States
Making of the Constitution for India
Constituent Assembly
Challenge of Building Democracy
Challenges before ECI and conduction of first general election
Starting of one party dominance
Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy
Panchsheel and Non-Alignment
Relations with Neighbours
Emergence of NAM and its Summits
India and China
India and Pakistan (Indo-Pak War, Kargil War, Shimla Agreement, Tashkent Declaration and Agra Summit)
India and Bangladesh (Creation of Bangladesh)
India and its other Neighbours - Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal
India’s relations with USA and USSR during cold war
Analysis of Nehruvian Foreign Policy
First General Elections
Challenges and Conduct of Elections
Developments under Nehru’s Leadership
Debate Over National Language
Linguistic Reorganisation of the States
Planning for Economic Development
Progress of Science and Technology
Social Development
India After Nehru
Lal Bahadur Shastri Years
Economic Ideas
Foreign Relations
Indo-PAK Wars
Tashkent Agreement and Death of Shastri
Green Revolution
Operation Flood and Cooperatives and Formation of Amul
World Geography
Origin and Evolution of Universe Solar System and Earth
Universe and Elements of Solar System
Origin, Theories and Evolution of the Earth
Geological History of the Earth - Geological Time Scale
Motions Of the Earth - Inclination of the Earth’s Axis and its Effects
Latitude And Longitude Including Important Parallels and Meridians
Local And Standard Time And The International Date Line
Eclipses – Solar, Lunar
Interior Structure of the Earth
Continents and Ocean Basins - Continental Drift Theory and Plate Tectonics Theory
Earth Movements - Endogenetic & Exogenetic
Landform and its Development
Rocks and its Types
Weathering and Denudation
Drainage Patterns
Important Geophysical Phenomenon
Earthquake - Prediction, Causes, Types, Effects
Tsunami
Volcanoes - Causes, Types, Distributions
Atmosphere
Structure, Composition Of Atmosphere
Weather & Climate
Solar Insolation and Heat Budget
Air Pressure and Atmospheric Circulation
Temperature and Pressure Belts
Temperature Inversion
Winds - Global and Local Winds
Jet Streams
Precipitation - Forms & Types
Distribution of Rainfall
Humidity
Cloud and its Types
Air Masses and Fronts
Cyclones - Tropical and Temperate
Climate and its Classification - Koeppen
World Climatic Regions
Hydrological Cycle
Oceans
Oceanic Relief Features
Factors Controlling Ocean Temperature and its Distribution
Factors Controlling Ocean Salinity and its Distribution
Ocean Deposits
Coral Reefs - Conditions for Formation, Types and Importance
Coral Bleaching
Marine Resources
Waves, Ocean Currents and Tides
Soil and Natural Vegetation
Structure and Composition of Soil
Soil Profile and Horizons
Soil Classification
Soil Degradation and Conservation
Natural Vegetation of the World
World Economic and Human Geography
Factors affecting the Agriculture
Types of Agriculture
Major Crops grown in World
Agricultural Practices and Techniques
Animal Husbandry and Allied Activities (Apiculture, Sericulture, Fisheries etc)
Concepts related to Agriculture - Crop Productivity, Crop Intensity and Agricultural Efficiency
Mineral Resouces - Types & Distribution
Conservation of Minerals Resources
Energy Resources - Types & Distribution
Conservation of Energy Resources
Major Industries - Classification & Industrial Regions of the World
Major Industries of the World - Iron and Steel, Cotton, Sugar and IT etc
Transport - Land, Water, Air, Railways
Communication - Satellite, Cyber Space
Population - Growth and Distribution of World Population
Demographic Transition - Stages
Demographic Attributes
Urbanisation - Causes, Stages and Problems
Classification of Urbanisation
Races and Tribes of the World
Mapping
World Mapping
Indian Geography
General Introduction
Geographical Location and Extension
International Border Lines of India
Political and Administrative Divisions
Physical Geography of India
Geological Structure and Physiographic Division of India
Classification of Indian Rock System
Himalayan - Classification and Significant Features
Northern Plains - Classification and Significant Features
Peninsular Plateau - Classification and Significant Features
Coastal Plains - Classification and Significant Features
Island - Classification and Significant Features
Desert - Classification and Significant Features
Drainage System
Drainage Pattern of Indian Rivers
Himalayan Drainage System
Peninsular Drainage System
National River Linking Project
Lakes and Waterfalls
Climate of India
Factors Affecting the Climate of India
The Indian Monsoon - Theories, Jet Streams and Tibet Plateau
Seasonality and Distribution of Rainfall in India
Climatic Regions of India
El-Nino & La-Nina
Tropical Cyclones
Indian Soils
Major and Minor Soils of India
Soil Erosion, Degradation and Conservation
Natural Vegetation of India
Factors affecting Indian Forests and their Distribution
Classification of Indian Forests
Problems of Indian Forestry
Forest Conservation
Forest Legislations
Indian State of Forest Report (ISFR) - Recent
Social Forestry and its Types
Indian Agriculture
Factors affecting Indian Agriculture
Types of Indian Agricultural System
Major Revolution - Green, White, Blue, Apiculture, Sericulture and Horticulture
Major Crops Grown In India and Cropping Patterns in India
Agro-Climatic Regions
Challenges of Indian Agriculture
Land Reforms And Land Use Pattern
Animal Husbandry
Irrigation, its types and Major Irrigation Projects
Indian Economic and Human Geography
Mineral Resources - Classification, Distribution, Conservation
Mineral Belts of India
Energy Resources - Classification and Energy Crisis, Policies
Industries - Factors affecting Locations, Major Industries in India
Major and Minor Industrial Regions of India
Industrial Policies - 1991 and Recent Updates
Modes of Transport - Land, Water, Air and Railways
Communication - Postal, Telegraph, Satellite, Cyber Space
Trade Trends and Policies of India
Population in India - Population Growth and Trends, Demographic Composition
Demographic Dividend
National Population Policy, 2000
Urbanisation and Settlements - Rural and Urban
Cultural Regions of India - Races, Tribes
Regional Development and Planning
Mapping
Map Based Questions from India
Indian Polity
Indian Constitution
Meaning of Constitution & Types of Constitution
Making of the Constitution
Historical Polity - Background to Indian Constitution
Constituent Assembly of India
Salient Features of the Indian Constitution
Salient Features
Preamble of the Constitution
Preamble
Union and its Territory
Union and its Territory
Citizenship
Citizenship
Fundamental Rights
Fundamental Rights
Directive Principles of State Policy
DPSP
Fundamental Duties
Fundamental Duties
Amendment of the Constitution
Amendment
Basic Structure of the Constitution
Basic Structure Doctrine
System of Government
Parliamentary System
Federal System
Centre–State Relations
Inter-State Relations
Emergency Provisions
Central Government
President
Vice-President
Prime Minister
Central Council of Ministers
Cabinet Committees
Parliament
Parliament and Composition of Parliament
Qualification and Disqualification in Parliament
Sessions of Parliament
Instruments of Parliamentary Procedure
Motions in the Indian Parliament
Legislative Procedure in Parliament
Officers in Parliament
Parliamentary Secretariat
Whips
When does the bill lapse in Indian Parliament?
Parliament privileges
Comparison of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
Synthesis of Parliamentary Sovereignty and Judicial Supremacy
Comparison of Indian Constitution with Other Countries
Parliamentary Committees
State Government
Governor
CM and Council of Ministers
State Legislature
Sate Legislature Notes
Union Territories and Special Areas
Union Territories and Special Areas Notes
Local Government
Local Government Notes
Ecology and Environment
Ecology and Environment
What is Environment?
Ecosystem
Functions of Ecosystems
Food Chain and Food Web
Ecological Pyramids
Nutrient Cycling
Ecological Succession
Ecological Adaptations
Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Natural Vegetation in India
Main Functions of Forests
Deforestation
Grasslands
Deserts and Tundra
Desertification
Aquatic Ecosystem
Marine Ecosystems
Wetland Ecosystem
Estuary Ecosystem
Coral Reefs and Coral Bleaching
Environmental Pollution
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Soil Pollution
Noise Pollution
Radioactive Pollution
E-waste
Solid Waste
Thermal Pollution
Plastic Pollution
Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Hydro Power
Tidal Energy
Geothermal Energy
Biomass Energy
Fuel Cells
Biodiversity & Biodiversity Conservation
Biodiversity and Hot spots of Biodiversity
Significance of Biodiversity
Causes, Effects and Solution of Biodiversity Loss
Conservation Status of Species
Biodiversity Conservation - In-situ
What is a National Park?
What is Wildlife Sanctuary
Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves
What is Marine Protected Area?
What is Biosphere Reserve?
Sacred Groves
Elephant Reserves
Project Tiger
Biodiversity Conservation - Ex-situ
Climate Change
Climate Change
Ozone Layer Depletion
Ocean Acidification
Climate Change Mitigation Strategies
Intergovernmental Organizations related to Environment and Climate Change
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
Bonn Convention (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Minamata Convention on Mercury
The Basel Convention
Stockholm Convention
Rotterdam Convention
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Amendment in EIA Notification, 2006
Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development
Global Sustainable Development Report, 2022
Rainwater Harvesting
Ecotourism
Economy
Economy and Economics
Macro, Micro and Mesoeconomics
Liberal and Neo-liberal Economics
Keynesian Economics
Socialist and communist economics
Development Economics
Behavioural Economics
Green Economics
Economic Growth and its Measures
Business Cycles: Slowdown, Recession, Great Recession and Depression.
Measuring Economic Growth
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP)
Transfer Payments
Factors of Production
Market Price and Factor Cost
GDP and NDP + NNP
National Income and Statistics in India
Indian Economy: Sectors and their Components
Structural Change and Composition of Economy
Growth and Development: Alternative Measures
Human Development Index (HDI).
Gross Value Added (GVA)
Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI).
Gross National Happiness (GNH).
Happiness Index.
Green GDP
Purchasing Power Parity: (PPP).
Developed, Developing and Least Developed Countries..
World Bank Classification.
Planned Economic Development in India
History of Economic Planning in India.
Mixed Economy.
Planning Goals..
Financial Resources for Five-Year Plans
History of Planning in India: First and Second Five-Year Plans
Achievements of Planning
India and the Manufacturing Sector
NITI Aayog...
Five Trillion Dollar Economy:
Strengths of the Indian Economy.
Five Trillion US$ and Macroeconomic Stability.
Investment-led Growth for Five Trillion Dollar Economy..
Agriculture and Five Trillion Dollar Economy
Manufacturing and Five Trillion US$
Services and Five Trillion Dollar Economy.
Exports and Five Trillion Dollar Economy
Industry 4.0 and Five Trillion Dollar Economy
Atma Nirbhar: A Path to Self-Reliance
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy: Definitions
Revenue Receipt and Revenue Expenditure..
Capital Receipt and Capital Expenditure..
Deficits and Deficit Financing
Fiscal Stimulus
FRBM Act
Fiscal Consolidation.
Off Budget Financing...
Zero Base Budgeting (ZBB).
Plan and Non-plan Expenditure Classification.
Domestic Savings in India and Trends
Public Debt.
External Debt.
Rupee Debt
India and Sovereign Bonds.
External and Internal Debt Management.
Debt-GDP Ratio
Monetary and Credit Policy
Monetary Policy and Supply
Monetary Aggregates..
Demonetization..
Indian Financial Code (IFC).
Monetary Policy Committee (MPC).
Monetary Policy Framework Agreement.
Monetary Policy Transmission.
Repo Rate and Deposit Rate Linkage 2019.
The Reserve Bank of India.
Bimal Jalan Committee on Economic Capital Framework.
RBI and its Subsidiaries.
Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC).
SARFAESI
Macro Prudential Analysis....
Money Market and Capital Market in India - Intruments and Dynamics
Money Market, instruments etc.
Discount and Finance House of India (DFHI)
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Mumbai Interbank Offered Rate (MIBOR)
Money Market Reforms.
Capital Market..
State Development Loan (SDL)
Private Equity..
Hundi.
Public Account of India
Chit Funds...
Credit Default Swap (CDS).
Infrastructure Debt Funds (IDFs)
Terms and Concepts of Capital Market
Stock Market
Stock Exchange
Primary Market and Secondary Market
Stock Exchanges in India and SEBI
Capital Market Reforms.
Derivatives and Futures
Buyback of Shares, call, put etc.
Anchor Investor
Global Depository Receipts (GDR) and American Depository Receipts (ADRs).
Bond Yield
Participatory Note
Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPI).
Commodity Exchanges...
Stock Markets and Macroeconomy
Important Indices in the World
Blue Chip
Largecap, Midcap or Small Cap Company..
MPS Norms
Shariah Index
Types of Shares
Power Exchanges.
Dabba Trading
Fintech in India
Inflation - Concepts, Facts and Policy
Inflation and its Types
Measures of Inflation.
Causes of Inflation..
Effects of Inflation
Price Stability and Optimal Inflation. GDP, Potential GDP and Inflation.
Inflation and Corruption.
Inflation Targeting...
Wholesale Price Index
CPI + New CPI Series 2015.
Food Price Indices.
Residex.
Growth-Inflation Trade Off..
Government Steps to Control Inflation..
Taxation
Taxation in India.
Tax Reforms in India
Direct and Indirect Tax Ratio..
Tax to GDP Ratio
Broadening Tax Base.
Tax Amnesty Schemes.
Direct Taxes Code (DTC).
Capital Gains Tax...
Inverted Duty Structure
Tax Expenditure...
Tax Havens
Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS).
Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA).
Rationalization of DTAA..
General Anti Avoidance Rules (GAAR).
Place of Effective Management (POEM).
Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEA)
Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters....
Transfer Pricing and APA..
Tobin Tax.....
Pigovian Tax +Ad Valorem tax
Goods and Services Tax (GST)
Electronic Way Bill (E-Way Bill).
GST and Federalism.
Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT)..
Some Tax Related Terms.
Banking System In India
Commercial Banks.
Public sector banks
Substandard Assets or NPAs
SARFAESI Act
Safety of Banks and Basel Norms..
Recapitalization of Public Sector Banks (PSBs)
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016 and Amendments
Twin Balance Sheet (TBS) Challenge..
Public Sector Asset Rehabilitation Agency (PARA)
Bank Consolidation
Financial Service Institutions Bureau (FSIB)
Banks Board Bureau (BBB) and Differentiated Banking
Small Finance Banks (SFBs).
Payments Bank
India Post Payments Bank (IPPB).
Regional Rural Banks (RRBs).
MUDRA Bank.
FDI In Banks
Foreign Banks: Subsidiary Vs Branch.
Development Banks.
Co-operative Banks
AIFI - NABARD, NHB
Shadow Banks
Universal Banking in India.
Bank Run.
Priority Sector Lending
Microfinance in India
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
National Payments Corporation of India
Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFC)
Public Sector - Evolution, Reforms and Performance
Public Sector - Evolution, Reforms and Performance
Disinvestment and Privatization
Government Policy on Disinvestment/Privatization
Bharat 22..
Methods of Disinvestment of Minority Stake in CPSES.
Use of Disinvestment Proceeds
Maharatna, Navaratna and Miniratna Companies
Challenges for PSUs..
Ad-hoc Group of Experts (AGE) Report
Purchase Preference Policy.
Foreign Trade
India's Exim Policy: Its Evolution and Content
India's Trade Reforms Since 1991.
Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20..
Agri-Export Policy 2018....
India's Exports and Imports
Challenges to Boosting India's Exports..
GST and Exports
Important Schemes
Export and Trading Houses.
Institutional Infrastructure..
Exports and Employment in India
States and Export Efforts.
Trade Finance
Free Trade Arrangements and India..
Free Trade Agreements (FTAs): Pros and Cons
FTAs, Trade Creation, and Trade Diversion
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
South-South Trade.
Non-Tariff Barriers..
Quantitative Restrictions.
Some Important terms.
Foreign Direct Investment
Benefits of FDI
Definition and components of FDI
Costs of FDI....
Incentives to FDI
India's FDI Policy...
Recent Trends in FDI
Government Initiatives to Boost FDI in India
Impact of FDI on the Economy
Change in FDI in Different Sector
Balance of Payments
Current Account and Capital Account
India's Balance of Payments (BOP) Crisis in 1991
Balance of Payments and Invisibles...
Remittances to India: Key Points
Current Account Deficit (CAD)
Current Convertibility...
FEMA and FERA...
Internationalization of Rupee
Currency Swap Agreements.
Exchange Rate
Currency Appreciation and its effects
Currency Depreciation and its effects
Currency Mechanisms
Currency Board
Real Value of the Rupee
Sovereign Wealth Fund
External Sector
Foreign Exchange reserves
Currency War
Currency Manipulation and Global Dynamics
Hard and Soft Currency, Capital Flight, Capital Controls, and Dollarization
Indian Agriculture
Food Grain Production (Recent Year)
Accounting For Success in Agriculture
Government Initiatives...
Balance-of-payments / Balance of Payments / Foreign Exchange reserves
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