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Polity Pyq 2025/24/23

PYQ Analysis PDF

Marathon Test 1 QP PDF

Marathon Test 2 QP PDF

Test Analysis PDF

OMR

Constitutional Development

Making of the Indian Constitution

Salient Features of the Indian Constitution

Preamble

The Union and its Territories

Citizenship

Fundamental Rights

Directive Principles of State Policy

Fundamental Duties

The President

Vice President

Prime Minister and Council of Ministers

Parliament of India

State Executive

State legislature

Geography as a discipline

The universe and the solar system

Origin and evolution of earth

Motions of the earth

Latitudes and longitudes

Rocks

Earthquake Tsunami volcano

Earth movement and related forms

Topography or Landforms

Atmosphere Composition and Structure

Solar radiation heat Budget and temperature

Atmospheric pressure and winds

Humidity and Precipitation

Air Masses, fronts and cyclone

Climate and Climatic Regions

The Ocean and its Properties

Ocean temperature salinity deposits and coral reefs

Waves, Ocean Currents and Tides

Soils and natural Vegetation

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

Minerals and Energy Resources

Major Industries and Industrial Regions of the World

Transport and communication

Population and urbanisation

Races and Tribes

Regional Geography

A General Introduction

India Geological Structure

Physiography of India

Drainage System of India

Soils in India

Natural Vegetation

Climate of India

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

Irrigation and Multi- Purpose Projects

Mineral Resources

Energy Resources

Industries in India

Transport and communication

Population and Urbanisation in India

Races and Tribes of India

Indian States and Union Territories

The Stone Age

Sources of Ancient Indian History

The Stone Age

Indus Valley Civilisation

The Vedic Age

Mahajanapadas and rise of mangadha

Jainism and Buddhism

jainism and Buddhism

The Mauryan Empire

The Post Mauryan period

Various Aspects of Ancient India

Arab and Turkish Invasions in India

Arab and turkish invasions in india

Kingdoms of South India

Kingdoms of south India

Rise of Kingdoms

The Sultanate of Delhi

Vijayanagara and Bahmani Kingdoms

Emergence of religious movements

The Mughal Empire

The Mughal Administration

Maratha Empire

Later Mughals

Rise Regional States

The advent of Europeans in India

Consolidation of british power in India

Administrative and Economic Policies Under British Rule

Social and Religious Reform Movements

Revolt of 1857

Development of education and Press

Tribal, Peasant, and civil Uprisings

Indian national phase 1

Indian national phase 11

Indian national phase 111

Independence (1940-1947)

India after Independence

Governors, Governors- Generals and Viceroys

Indo-Islamic Architecture

Rock-cut Architecture

Buddhist Architecture

Famous temples built during the reign of several empires in South India

Mauryan Architecture

Post Mauryan Art

Gupta Age Architecture

Important ancient Inscriptions and Edicts

Famous Universities of Ancient India

Major Buddhist Pilgrimage Sites in India

Major Jain Pilgrimage Sites in India

Modern Architecture

Post-Independence architecture

Indus Civilization Sculpture

Buddhist Sculpture

Mauryan Sculpture

Post Mauryan Sculpture

Gupta Sculpture

Medieval School of Sculpture

Modern Indian Sculpture

Prehistoric Paintings

Mural Paintings & Cave Paintings

Indian Miniature Painting: Evolution and Early Schools

Rajasthani School of Painting

Pahari Style of Painting

Decanni School of Painting

Folk Paintings

Ragamala Paintings

Modern Indian Paintings

Personalities Associated to Paintings

Hindustani Classical Music

Classical Dance forms in India

Folk Dances

Folk Theatre

Modern Theatre

History of Puppetry and Different forms of Puppetry in India

Classification of Indian Languages

Official Languages and Status of Classical Language

Ancient Scripts of India

Hindu Literature in Ancient India

Literature in Pali and Prakrit

Festivals of North-East India

Fairs of India

Handicrafts

Ancient Science & Technology

Medieval Science & Technology

Indian World Heritage Sites

Important Cultural Institutions

Pottery in India

Martial Arts in India

Coins of India

Ports

Foreign Travellers of India

Indus Valley Civilization

Vedic Age Notes

Mahajanapadas and Rise of Magadha Notes

16 Mahajanapadas

Republics and Monarchies

Key Dynasties -Haryanka dynasty, Shishunaga Dynasty & Nanda Dynasty

Persian Invasion of India

Economy & System of Administration

Rise of Magadha Empire

Iranian Invasion

Macedonian Invasion

Seleucid Invasion

Mauryan Empire: Origin and Expansion

Rulers of the Mauryas

Mauryan Society and Literary Sources

Mauryan Art and Architecture

Mauryan Economy

The Mauryan Administration

Decline of the Mauryas

Post Mauryan Administration

Post Mauryan Socio-economic Conditions

Pushyabhutis - Vardhana Dynasty (Harshavardhana)

Age of Three Empires - Palas, Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas

Rajput Kingdoms

Society under Rajput Kingdoms

Failure of Rajput Kingdoms

Turkish conquest of Ganga Valley (Bihar and Bengal)

Rajput States Notes

Foundation of Delhi Sultanate

Administration During Delhi Sultanate Period

Economy During Delhi Sultanate Period

Literature and Languages during Delhi Sultanate

Architecture during Delhi Sultanates

Gujarat + Malwa + Mewar + Kashmir + Odisha

Ganga Dynasty

Gajapati Dynasty

Origin of Vijayanagara, Dynasty and Rulers under Vijayanagara Empire

Political & Economic History of Vijayanagara

Society of Vijayanagara

Administration of Vijayanagara

Architecture in Vijayanagara

Bahmani Kingdom

Society of Bahamani Kingdom

Political History of Bahamani Kingdom

Administration of Bahamani Kingdom

Tensions between Vijayanagar Empire and Bahmani Kingdom

Zaheeruddin Mohammad Babur (1526-30AD)

Nasiruddin Mohammad Humayn (1530-1540 ; 1555-56)

Sher Shah Suri (1540-55)

Humayun (1555-1556)

Akbar (1556-1605)

Jahangir (1605-1627)

Shah Jahan (1627-1658)

Aurangzeb (1657-1707)

Administration in Mughal Empire

Literature during Mughals

Painting during Mughals

Architecture during Mughals

Mansabdari and Jagirdari

Revenue Administration

Decline of Mughals

The Marathas and their Policy of Expansion

The Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk

The Maratha Advance into Gujarat and Malwa

The Maratha Advance into Doab and Punjab

First Phase (1741-52); Second Phase (1752-61)

Third Battle of Panipat

Shivaji (1627-1680)

Shivaji’s administration

Successors of Shivaji + policies +decline

The Peshwas (1713-1818)

Other Indian States ( The Bhonsles The Gaikwads Holkars Sindhias)

Economic Condition in 18th Century

Social and Cultural Life

Later Mughals Notes

Bhakti Movement

Sufi Movement

Advent of the Europeans in India - Notes

Why the English Succeeded against Other European Powers

Causes of Decline of Mughal Empire

Rise of Regional States

Socio-Economic Conditions - Agriculture, Society & Culture, Education & Trade

Causes of British Success in India

British Conquest of Bengal

The Policy of Ring-Fence

Subsidiary Alliance

Doctrine of Lapse

Anglo-Burmese Relations

Anglo-Tibetan Relations

Anglo-Afghan Relations

John Lawrence and the Policy of Masterly Inactivity

Lytton and the Policy of Proud Reserve

British India and the North-West Frontier

Weaknesses of People’s Uprisings

The 1857 Revolt: the Major Causes

Beginning, Spread & Suppression of the 1857 Revolt

Why the Revolt Failed

Hindu-Muslim Unity Factor

Nature of the Revolt

Consequences & Significance of the 1857 Revolt

Popular Uprisings After 1857

Factors Giving Rise to Desire for Reform

Impact of British Rule

Social and Ideological Bases of Reform

Reform Movement in Western India

Reform Movement in Eastern India

Reform Movement in North India

Reform Movement in South India

Significance of Reform Movements

Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India - Introduction

Factors in the Growth of Modern Nationalism

Political, Administrative and Economic Unification of the Country

Western Thought and Education

Role of Press and Literature

Rise of Middle Class Intelligentsia & Impact of Contemporary Movements in the World

Political Associations Before the Indian National Congress

Foundation of Indian National Congress

Safety Valve

Aims and Objectives of the Congress

The Moderates Phase of Indian National Movement (1885-1905)

Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909)

Growth of Militant Nationalism

The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement

The Movement under Extremist Leadership

Annulment of Partition

Evaluation of the Swadeshi Movement

Formation of Muslim League

Surat Split

Morley-Minto Reforms—1909 & its Evaluation

Reasons for the Revolutionary Activities

Revolutionary Activities in India

Revolutionary Activities Abroad

First World War and Nationalist Response

Home Rule League Movement

Tilak and Besant's Home Rule League Movement

Lucknow Session of the Indian National Congress (1916)

Montagu’s Statement of August 1917 & Indian Objections

Gandhi’s Experience in South Africa

Emergence of Gandhi

Gandhian Ideaologies

Reasons for Nationalist Resurgence

Impact of Russian Revolution

Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and Government of India Act, 1919

Champaran Satyagraha (1917)—First Civil Disobedience

Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)—First Hunger Strike

Kheda Satyagraha (1918)—First Non-Cooperation

Rowlatt Act & Satyagraha

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

Hunter Committee

Non-Cooperation Movement and Khilafat Aandolan

Non-Cooperation Movement

Khilafat Movement

Why Gandhi Withdrew the Movement

Evaluation of Khilafat Non-Cooperation Movement

Swarajists and No-Changers

Socialistic Ideas, Youth Power, Trade Unionism

Revolutionary Activity During the 1920s

Major Influences in Different Parts of India

Indian Statutory Commission - Simon Commission

Nehru Report

Civil Disobedience Movement

Run-up to Civil Disobedience Movement

Political Activity during 1929

Irwin’s Declaration

Delhi Manifesto

Lahore Congress and Purna Swaraj

Salt Satyagraha

Gandhi’s Eleven Demands

Gandhi-Irwin Pact

End and Evaluation of Civil Disobedience Movement

Karachi Congress Session—1931

The Round Table Conferences

Second Phase of CDM

Communal Award and Poona Pact

Gandhi’s Harijan Campaign

Similarities between Gandhi and Ambedkar

Comparison between Civil Disobedience Movement and the Non-Cooperation Movement

Debates on the Future Strategy after Civil Disobedience Movement

Nehru’s Vision - Struggle-Victory and Opposition to STS

Gandhi's Vision - StruggleTruce-Struggle Strategy

Features and Evaluations & Nationalists’ Response

Congress Manifesto for Elections and Performance

Congress Rule in Provinces and its Evaluation

Nationalist Response in the Wake of World War II

Haripura and Tripuri Sessions

Gandhi and Bose: Ideological Differences

Congress Offer to Viceroy

Government Attitude and Congress Ministries’ Resignation

August Offer - Responses and Evaluation

Individual Satyagrahas

Cripps Mission (March 1942)

Quit India Resolution

Spread of the Movement, Extent of Mass Participation and Government Repression

Famine of 1943

Rajagopalachari Formula

Desai-Liaqat Pact

Wavell Plan - Muslim League and Congress Stand

Indian National Army and Bose

Post-War National Scenario

Congress Election Campaign and INA Trials

INA Agitation

Three Upsurges—Winter of 1945-46

Election Results - Performance of League and Congress

Cabinet Mission Plan—Main Points

Communal Holocaust and the Interim Government

Attlee’s Statement

Mountbatten as the Viceroy

Mountbatten Plan

Indian Independence Act

Inevitability of Partition - Why Congress Accepted Partition

Constitutional Development between 1773 and 1935

Evolution of Civil Services in India

Development of Judiciary in British India

British Social and Cultural Policy in India

British Policy Towards Princely States

British Foreign Policy in India

Development of Indian Press

Development of Education

Peasant Movements 1857-1947

Movement of the Working Class

Movement of the Women

Deindustrialisation - Ruin of Artisans and Handicraftsmen

Commercialisation of Indian Agriculture

Introduction (Why did Feudalism Develop)

Features of Feudalism

Dark Ages

Emergence of Trade, Towns and Cities

Change in Method of Production: Guilds

Rise in influence of Merchant Class

Transition to Capitalist Economy

King Merchant Nexus and the Peasant Revolts

Renaissance & Reformation

Beginning of International Trade

The Rise and Fall of the Absolute Monarchy

The English Revolution

Introduction

Reason behind the War

Result: Treaty of Paris of 1763

Introduction

Reasons for American resentments against the British

Mercantile Capitalism

Proclamation of 1763

Role of Enlightenment Thinkers

Recovery of (Seven Year) War Expenditure

No Representation in British Parliament

Intolerable Acts of 1774 & the Philadelphia Congress

American Revolutionary War (1775)

Second Treaty of Paris 1783

Reasons behind French Revolution

Three Estates

Unpopular Monarchy & financial troubles

Role of Enlightenment

Events in the French Revolution of 1789.

Impact/Constructive Criticism of French Revolution

Comparison of the American and French Revolution

Concept of Nation

Misuse by Absolute Monarchs

Role of Revolutionary Thinkers

Industrial Revolution & Nationalism

Unification of Germany

Social & Economic conditions

Role of Napoleonic Wars & French Revolution

Failure to unite under a Democracy

Unification under Bismarck: Policy of Blood & Iron

Unification of Italy

Role of 1848 Revolts

History of Methods of Production before Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

Why Industrial Revolution first in England?

Components of Industrial Revolution

Revolution in Textile Sector

Steam Power

Revolution in Iron Production

Revolution in Transport & Communication

Agriculture Revolution

Impact of Industrial Revolution

Spread of Industrial Revolution outside England

The History of Colonialism

Colonization

Impact of Colonialism

Relation between Colonialism and Mercantile Capitalism

Difference between Colonialism and Imperialism

Definition of New Imperialism

History of New Imperialism

France in Scramble for Africa

Britain in Scramble for Africa

Germany in Scramble for Africa

Italy in Scramble for Africa

Impact of Colonialism on Africa

Colonialism in Pacific

Colonialism in Central and West Asia

Colonialism in China

Imperialist Japan

Imperialist US

Causes of Friction within Europe

Events during World war I

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points (1918)

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Sevres (1920)

Treaty of St Germain (1919)

Treaty of Trianon (1920)

Verdict on Peace Treaties

Impact of the World War I (1914-19)

League of Nations

Aims of the League of Nation

League Covenant

Organizational Structure of the League of Nations

Evaluation of Performance of League of Nations

Success of the League of Nations

Failures/Causes of Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations

Impact of the failure of the League of Nations

Comparison of UN with the League of Nations

Similarities between UN and LoN

The Great Economic Depression of 1929

National Movement in Asia and Africa

Spanish Civil War 1931

Lausanne Conference (1932)

World Disarmament Conference 1932

Fascism in Italy

Munich Pact 1938

Poland Invasion 1939

Battle of Stalin Grad 1942

Yalta Conference 1945 and Formation of UNO

France-Germany relations (1919-33)

Britain-USSR Relations (1919-33)

USSR-Germany Relations (1919-33)

USSR-France Relationship (1919-33)

Adolf Hitler & The Nazis

Communism in Europe

Cold War

Decolonisation of Asia and Africa

Chinese Revoltion 1949

Formation of NAM

Vietnam War 1955 - 75

Israel and Palestine Conflict

Radcliffe Commission, Composition and Challenges

Challenges Associated with Division of Resources

Assassination of Gandhi

Rehabilitation and Resettlement of Refugees

Policy of Equal Federation (1935-1947)

Integration and Merger of Indian States

Constituent Assembly

Challenges before ECI and conduction of first general election

Starting of one party dominance

Panchsheel and Non-Alignment

Relations with Neighbours

Emergence of NAM and its Summits

India and China

India and Pakistan (Indo-Pak War, Kargil War, Shimla Agreement, Tashkent Declaration and Agra Summit)

India and Bangladesh (Creation of Bangladesh)

India and its other Neighbours - Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal

India’s relations with USA and USSR during cold war

Analysis of Nehruvian Foreign Policy

Challenges and Conduct of Elections

Debate Over National Language

Linguistic Reorganisation of the States

Planning for Economic Development

Progress of Science and Technology

Social Development

Lal Bahadur Shastri Years

Economic Ideas

Foreign Relations

Indo-PAK Wars

Tashkent Agreement and Death of Shastri

Green Revolution

Operation Flood and Cooperatives and Formation of Amul

Universe and Elements of Solar System

Origin, Theories and Evolution of the Earth

Geological History of the Earth - Geological Time Scale

Motions Of the Earth - Inclination of the Earth’s Axis and its Effects

Latitude And Longitude Including Important Parallels and Meridians

Local And Standard Time And The International Date Line

Eclipses – Solar, Lunar

Interior Structure of the Earth

Continents and Ocean Basins - Continental Drift Theory and Plate Tectonics Theory

Earth Movements - Endogenetic & Exogenetic

Landform and its Development

Rocks and its Types

Weathering and Denudation

Drainage Patterns

Earthquake - Prediction, Causes, Types, Effects

Tsunami

Volcanoes - Causes, Types, Distributions

Structure, Composition Of Atmosphere

Weather & Climate

Solar Insolation and Heat Budget

Air Pressure and Atmospheric Circulation

Temperature and Pressure Belts

Temperature Inversion

Winds - Global and Local Winds

Jet Streams

Precipitation - Forms & Types

Distribution of Rainfall

Humidity

Cloud and its Types

Air Masses and Fronts

Cyclones - Tropical and Temperate

Climate and its Classification - Koeppen

World Climatic Regions

Hydrological Cycle

Oceanic Relief Features

Factors Controlling Ocean Temperature and its Distribution

Factors Controlling Ocean Salinity and its Distribution

Ocean Deposits

Coral Reefs - Conditions for Formation, Types and Importance

Coral Bleaching

Marine Resources

Waves, Ocean Currents and Tides

Structure and Composition of Soil

Soil Profile and Horizons

Soil Classification

Soil Degradation and Conservation

Natural Vegetation of the World

Factors affecting the Agriculture

Types of Agriculture

Major Crops grown in World

Agricultural Practices and Techniques

Animal Husbandry and Allied Activities (Apiculture, Sericulture, Fisheries etc)

Concepts related to Agriculture - Crop Productivity, Crop Intensity and Agricultural Efficiency

Mineral Resouces - Types & Distribution

Conservation of Minerals Resources

Energy Resources - Types & Distribution

Conservation of Energy Resources

Major Industries - Classification & Industrial Regions of the World

Major Industries of the World - Iron and Steel, Cotton, Sugar and IT etc

Transport - Land, Water, Air, Railways

Communication - Satellite, Cyber Space

Population - Growth and Distribution of World Population

Demographic Transition - Stages

Demographic Attributes

Urbanisation - Causes, Stages and Problems

Classification of Urbanisation

Races and Tribes of the World

World Mapping

Geographical Location and Extension

International Border Lines of India

Political and Administrative Divisions

Geological Structure and Physiographic Division of India

Classification of Indian Rock System

Himalayan - Classification and Significant Features

Northern Plains - Classification and Significant Features

Peninsular Plateau - Classification and Significant Features

Coastal Plains - Classification and Significant Features

Island - Classification and Significant Features

Desert - Classification and Significant Features

Drainage Pattern of Indian Rivers

Himalayan Drainage System

Peninsular Drainage System

National River Linking Project

Lakes and Waterfalls

Factors Affecting the Climate of India

The Indian Monsoon - Theories, Jet Streams and Tibet Plateau

Seasonality and Distribution of Rainfall in India

Climatic Regions of India

El-Nino & La-Nina

Tropical Cyclones

Major and Minor Soils of India

Soil Erosion, Degradation and Conservation

Factors affecting Indian Forests and their Distribution

Classification of Indian Forests

Problems of Indian Forestry

Forest Conservation

Forest Legislations

Indian State of Forest Report (ISFR) - Recent

Social Forestry and its Types

Factors affecting Indian Agriculture

Types of Indian Agricultural System

Major Revolution - Green, White, Blue, Apiculture, Sericulture and Horticulture

Major Crops Grown In India and Cropping Patterns in India

Agro-Climatic Regions

Challenges of Indian Agriculture

Land Reforms And Land Use Pattern

Animal Husbandry

Irrigation, its types and Major Irrigation Projects

Mineral Resources - Classification, Distribution, Conservation

Mineral Belts of India

Energy Resources - Classification and Energy Crisis, Policies

Industries - Factors affecting Locations, Major Industries in India

Major and Minor Industrial Regions of India

Industrial Policies - 1991 and Recent Updates

Modes of Transport - Land, Water, Air and Railways

Communication - Postal, Telegraph, Satellite, Cyber Space

Trade Trends and Policies of India

Population in India - Population Growth and Trends, Demographic Composition

Demographic Dividend

National Population Policy, 2000

Urbanisation and Settlements - Rural and Urban

Cultural Regions of India - Races, Tribes

Regional Development and Planning

Map Based Questions from India

Meaning of Constitution & Types of Constitution

Historical Polity - Background to Indian Constitution

Constituent Assembly of India

Salient Features

Preamble

Union and its Territory

Basic Structure Doctrine

Parliamentary System

Federal System

Centre–State Relations

Inter-State Relations

Central Council of Ministers

Cabinet Committees

Parliament and Composition of Parliament

Qualification and Disqualification in Parliament

Sessions of Parliament

Instruments of Parliamentary Procedure

Motions in the Indian Parliament

Legislative Procedure in Parliament

Officers in Parliament

Parliamentary Secretariat

Whips

When does the bill lapse in Indian Parliament?

Parliament privileges

Comparison of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Synthesis of Parliamentary Sovereignty and Judicial Supremacy

Comparison of Indian Constitution with Other Countries

Parliamentary Committees

Governor

CM and Council of Ministers

Sate Legislature Notes

Union Territories and Special Areas Notes

Local Government Notes

What is Environment?

Ecosystem

Food Chain and Food Web

Ecological Pyramids

Nutrient Cycling

Ecological Succession

Ecological Adaptations

Terrestrial Ecosystems

Natural Vegetation in India

Main Functions of Forests

Coral Reefs and Coral Bleaching

Radioactive Pollution

Biodiversity and Hot spots of Biodiversity

Significance of Biodiversity

Causes, Effects and Solution of Biodiversity Loss

Conservation Status of Species

Biodiversity Conservation - In-situ

What is a National Park?

What is Wildlife Sanctuary

Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves

What is Marine Protected Area?

What is Biosphere Reserve?

Sacred Groves

Elephant Reserves

Project Tiger

Biodiversity Conservation - Ex-situ

Climate Change

Ozone Layer Depletion

Ocean Acidification

Climate Change Mitigation Strategies

Intergovernmental Organizations related to Environment and Climate Change

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - Kyoto Protocol

Paris Agreement

CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)

Bonn Convention (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

Minamata Convention on Mercury

The Basel Convention

Stockholm Convention

Rotterdam Convention

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Amendment in EIA Notification, 2006

Sustainable Development

Global Sustainable Development Report, 2022

Rainwater Harvesting

Ecotourism

Macro, Micro and Mesoeconomics

Liberal and Neo-liberal Economics

Keynesian Economics

Socialist and communist economics

Development Economics

Behavioural Economics

Green Economics

Business Cycles: Slowdown, Recession, Great Recession and Depression.

Measuring Economic Growth

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP)

Transfer Payments

Factors of Production

Market Price and Factor Cost

GDP and NDP + NNP

National Income and Statistics in India

Indian Economy: Sectors and their Components

Structural Change and Composition of Economy

Human Development Index (HDI).

Gross Value Added (GVA)

Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI).

Gross National Happiness (GNH).

Happiness Index.

Green GDP

Purchasing Power Parity: (PPP).

Developed, Developing and Least Developed Countries..

World Bank Classification.

History of Economic Planning in India.

Mixed Economy.

Planning Goals..

Financial Resources for Five-Year Plans

History of Planning in India: First and Second Five-Year Plans

Achievements of Planning

India and the Manufacturing Sector

NITI Aayog...

Strengths of the Indian Economy.

Five Trillion US$ and Macroeconomic Stability.

Investment-led Growth for Five Trillion Dollar Economy..

Agriculture and Five Trillion Dollar Economy

Manufacturing and Five Trillion US$

Services and Five Trillion Dollar Economy.

Exports and Five Trillion Dollar Economy

Industry 4.0 and Five Trillion Dollar Economy

Atma Nirbhar: A Path to Self-Reliance

Fiscal Policy: Definitions

Revenue Receipt and Revenue Expenditure..

Capital Receipt and Capital Expenditure..

Deficits and Deficit Financing

Fiscal Stimulus

FRBM Act

Fiscal Consolidation.

Off Budget Financing...

Zero Base Budgeting (ZBB).

Plan and Non-plan Expenditure Classification.

Domestic Savings in India and Trends

Public Debt.

External Debt.

Rupee Debt

India and Sovereign Bonds.

External and Internal Debt Management.

Debt-GDP Ratio

Monetary Policy and Supply

Monetary Aggregates..

Demonetization..

Indian Financial Code (IFC).

Monetary Policy Committee (MPC).

Monetary Policy Framework Agreement.

Monetary Policy Transmission.

Repo Rate and Deposit Rate Linkage 2019.

The Reserve Bank of India.

Bimal Jalan Committee on Economic Capital Framework.

RBI and its Subsidiaries.

Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC).

SARFAESI

Macro Prudential Analysis....

Money Market, instruments etc.

Discount and Finance House of India (DFHI)

London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)

Mumbai Interbank Offered Rate (MIBOR)

Money Market Reforms.

Capital Market..

State Development Loan (SDL)

Private Equity..

Hundi.

Public Account of India

Chit Funds...

Credit Default Swap (CDS).

Infrastructure Debt Funds (IDFs)

Terms and Concepts of Capital Market

Stock Exchange

Primary Market and Secondary Market

Stock Exchanges in India and SEBI

Capital Market Reforms.

Derivatives and Futures

Buyback of Shares, call, put etc.

Anchor Investor

Global Depository Receipts (GDR) and American Depository Receipts (ADRs).

Bond Yield

Participatory Note

Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPI).

Commodity Exchanges...

Stock Markets and Macroeconomy

Important Indices in the World

Blue Chip

Largecap, Midcap or Small Cap Company..

Inflation and its Types

Measures of Inflation.

Causes of Inflation..

Effects of Inflation

Price Stability and Optimal Inflation. GDP, Potential GDP and Inflation.

Inflation and Corruption.

Inflation Targeting...

Wholesale Price Index

CPI + New CPI Series 2015.

Food Price Indices.

Residex.

Growth-Inflation Trade Off..

Government Steps to Control Inflation..

Taxation in India.

Tax Reforms in India

Direct and Indirect Tax Ratio..

Tax to GDP Ratio

Broadening Tax Base.

Tax Amnesty Schemes.

Direct Taxes Code (DTC).

Capital Gains Tax...

Inverted Duty Structure

Tax Expenditure...

Tax Havens

Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS).

Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA).

Rationalization of DTAA..

General Anti Avoidance Rules (GAAR).

Place of Effective Management (POEM).

Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEA)

Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters....

Transfer Pricing and APA..

Tobin Tax.....

Pigovian Tax +Ad Valorem tax

Goods and Services Tax (GST)

Electronic Way Bill (E-Way Bill).

GST and Federalism.

Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT)..

Some Tax Related Terms.

Commercial Banks.

Public sector banks

Substandard Assets or NPAs

SARFAESI Act

Safety of Banks and Basel Norms..

Recapitalization of Public Sector Banks (PSBs)

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016 and Amendments

Twin Balance Sheet (TBS) Challenge..

Public Sector Asset Rehabilitation Agency (PARA)

Bank Consolidation

Financial Service Institutions Bureau (FSIB)

Banks Board Bureau (BBB) and Differentiated Banking

Small Finance Banks (SFBs).

Payments Bank

India Post Payments Bank (IPPB).

Regional Rural Banks (RRBs).

MUDRA Bank.

FDI In Banks

Foreign Banks: Subsidiary Vs Branch.

Universal Banking in India.

Bank Run.

Priority Sector Lending

Microfinance in India

Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)

National Payments Corporation of India

Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFC)

Public Sector - Evolution, Reforms and Performance

Disinvestment and Privatization

Government Policy on Disinvestment/Privatization

Bharat 22..

Methods of Disinvestment of Minority Stake in CPSES.

Use of Disinvestment Proceeds

Maharatna, Navaratna and Miniratna Companies

Challenges for PSUs..

Ad-hoc Group of Experts (AGE) Report

Purchase Preference Policy.

India's Exim Policy: Its Evolution and Content

India's Trade Reforms Since 1991.

Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20..

Agri-Export Policy 2018....

India's Exports and Imports

Challenges to Boosting India's Exports..

GST and Exports

Important Schemes

Export and Trading Houses.

Institutional Infrastructure..

Exports and Employment in India

States and Export Efforts.

Trade Finance

Free Trade Arrangements and India..

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs): Pros and Cons

FTAs, Trade Creation, and Trade Diversion

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)

South-South Trade.

Non-Tariff Barriers..

Quantitative Restrictions.

Some Important terms.

Benefits of FDI

Definition and components of FDI

Costs of FDI....

Incentives to FDI

India's FDI Policy...

Recent Trends in FDI

Government Initiatives to Boost FDI in India

Impact of FDI on the Economy

Change in FDI in Different Sector

Current Account and Capital Account

India's Balance of Payments (BOP) Crisis in 1991

Balance of Payments and Invisibles...

Remittances to India: Key Points

Current Account Deficit (CAD)

Current Convertibility...

FEMA and FERA...

Internationalization of Rupee

Currency Swap Agreements.

Exchange Rate

Currency Appreciation and its effects

Currency Depreciation and its effects

Currency Mechanisms

Currency Board

Real Value of the Rupee

Sovereign Wealth Fund

External Sector

Foreign Exchange reserves

Currency War

Currency Manipulation and Global Dynamics

Hard and Soft Currency, Capital Flight, Capital Controls, and Dollarization

Food Grain Production (Recent Year)

Accounting For Success in Agriculture

Government Initiatives...

Polity / Polity PSP 2026 / PYQ Analysis PDF

PYQ Analysis PDF

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PRELIMS PYQ 1979-2024

PYQ BOOKLET

PRELIMS 2026

Modern History

Polity PSP 2026

NCERT Notes

Indian Polity NCERT Notes

Geography NCERT Notes

Indian History NCERT Notes

Important 30 Themes for UPSC Prelims 2024

Important Subject Wise Themes

Indian Heritage & Culture

Indian Heritage & Culture - Topic Wise Syllabus

Architecture

Sculpture

Indian Paintings

Religion

Philosophy

Indian Music

Indian Dance

Theatre

Puppetry

Indian Cinema and Circus

Bhakti & Sufi Movement

Languages in India

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Fairs and Festivals

Indian Handicrafts

Science & Technology

Promotion and Preservation of Indian Heritage

Pottery tradition in India

Martial Arts in India

Coins

Miscellaneous

Foreign Travellers

Ancient Indian History

Prehistoric period

Harappan / Indus Valley Civilization

Vedic Age

Mahajanapadas and Rise of Magadha

Foreign Invasion

Mauryan Age

Post Mauryan Age

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Sangam Age

Kingdoms of South India

Post Gupta Age

Medieval Indian History

Major Dynasties of Early Medieval Period

Chola Empire

Turkish Conquest of India

Rajput States

Delhi Sultanate

Rise of Provincial Kingdoms

Vijayanagara Kingdom

Bahamani Kingdom

Mughal Empire

Maratha

Later Mughals

Religious Movements During Medieval Period

Modern Indian History

Advent of the Europeans in India

India on the Eve of British Conquest

Expansion and Consolidation of British Power in India

Extension of British Paramountcy Through Administrative Policy

Relations of British India with Neighbouring Countries

People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857

The Revolt of 1857

Popular Uprisings After 1857

Socio-Religious Reform Movements

Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India

Indian National Congress

Moderate Phase

National Movement (1905-1918)

First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907-1917)

Mass Nationalism Begins (1919-1939)

Non-Cooperation Movement and Khilafat Aandolan

Emergence of Swarajists, Socialist Ideas, Revolutionary Activities and Other New Forces

Simon Commission and the Nehru Report

Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences