Gandhian ideology encompasses a wide range of principles and beliefs that Mahatma Gandhi adopted and developed throughout his life. It is a comprehensive philosophy that includes religious, moral, political, economic, social, individual, and collective elements. Here are some major ideologies associated with Gandhian thought:
- Truth and Nonviolence: Truth (Satya) and nonviolence (Ahimsa) are the twin cardinal principles of Gandhian ideology. Gandhi believed in the pursuit of both relative truths, which refer to truthfulness in word and deed, and absolute truth, which represents the ultimate reality of God. Nonviolence, for Gandhi, goes beyond the absence of physical violence and encompasses active love, representing the highest law of humanity.
- Satyagraha: Satyagraha is Gandhi's method of nonviolent resistance. It involves the use of soul force or purest love to combat injustice, oppression, and exploitation. Satyagraha advocates for securing rights through personal suffering and not inflicting harm on others. It draws inspiration from various sources, including the Upanishads, teachings of Buddha and Mahavira, as well as influences from Tolstoy and Ruskin.
- Sarvodaya: Sarvodaya means "Universal Uplift" or "Progress of All." Gandhi introduced this term, inspired by John Ruskin's work "Unto This Last," in which he emphasized equitable distribution and socio-economic justice. Sarvodaya seeks to uplift all sections of society and establish a harmonious social order based on moral and ethical principles.
- Swaraj: Swaraj, meaning self-rule, was a central concept in Gandhi's ideology. It encompasses a comprehensive revolution that involves individual and collective self-rule in all spheres of life. Swaraj is not merely freedom from external restraints but also involves self-restraint, self-discipline, and spiritual liberation. It is often equated with moksha or salvation.
- Trusteeship: Trusteeship is a socio-economic philosophy proposed by Gandhi. It advocates that wealthy individuals act as trustees of their wealth and utilize it for the welfare of society at large. It emphasizes the spiritual development of individuals and encourages voluntary sharing and equitable distribution of resources.
- Swadeshi: Swadeshi refers to acting within and from one's own community, both economically and politically. It promotes self-sufficiency and emphasizes the interdependence of communities. Gandhi believed that Swadeshi would lead to the independence of India and supported indigenous industries, symbolized by the spinning wheel or charkha.
These Gandhian ideologies have relevance in today's context as they address issues such as violence, greed, sustainable development, and social justice. Gandhi's principles of truth, nonviolence, and inclusivity have influenced movements and leaders worldwide, highlighting their enduring significance.
It is important to note that the interpretation and application of Gandhian ideologies may vary among individuals and contexts. Gandhi himself emphasized the need for critical thinking and adaptation of principles to suit changing circumstances.
