Handicrafts are all the items made by a man's or woman's hands. Indian handicrafts encapsulate the essence of Indian culture, beauty, and richness of Indian heritage. Many Indian states have distinct handicrafts that demonstrate creative ability and expertise. Artists employ their talent to make a variety of items, both ornamental and practical.
The aesthetic element of such products is an integral aspect of their worth, implying that the object of usefulness has a value that extends beyond its utility and is also attractive to the sight. A handcrafted product is rarely purely ornamental, and whether it is unadorned or heavily embellished, its real purpose is served only when it is both functional and beautiful.
Glassware
- A long history in India, with references in the Mahabharata.
- Early evidence in the form of glass beads from the Ganges Valley's Painted Grey Ware culture.
- Glass is referred to as "kanch" or "kaca" in Vedic texts.
- Glass archaeological evidence found in southern India.
- Glass bangles are a significant part of Indian jewelry.
- Hyderabad is known for elegant glass bangles.
- Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh, famous for glass bangles and utilitarian glassware.
Cloth Handicrafts
- Involves weaving and printing on cloth.
- Techniques like Tie and Dye, prevalent in Rajasthan and Gujarat.
- Kalamkari, hand-painting with vegetable dyes in Andhra Pradesh.
- Batik Art, using molten wax and cold dye for vibrant designs.
- Embroidery work with threads and wooden blocks.
- Weaving process involving warp and weft threads on a loom.
Ivory Carving
- Dates back to Vedic times.
- Ivory and ivory-based products traded during the Harappan period.
- Various historical references and archaeological remains.
- Traditional ivory carving centers in Delhi, Jaipur, West Bengal, and more.
- Produces beautiful art, caskets, palanquins, and famous Ambari Hathi.
Terracotta Crafts
- Involves sculpting with semi-fired ceramic clay.
- Ideal for pottery, bricks, and architectural edifices.
- Examples like Bankura Horse, Panchmura Horse, and Terracotta temples.
- Terracotta art in ancient Buddhist viharas.
Silver Crafts
- Features filigree work and silver jewelry.
- Silver anklets like "pain" and "pajama" in Odisha.
- Unique silver crocheted decorations known as "Gunchi."
- Bidri works with silver inlay in Karnataka's Bidri village.
Clay and Pottery Work
- One of the earliest crafts practiced by humans.
- Early evidence from the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh.
- Well-known Painted Grey Ware pottery.
- Various pottery techniques and styles.
Bronze Crafts
- Bronze casting practiced for over 5000 years.
- Bronze statues like the Dancing Girl from Mohenjodaro.
- Regional centers for bronze crafts, including Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
Metal Crafts
- Metal casting in iron, copper, bell metal, and other metals.
- Techniques like Rajasthan's Marori work.
- Regional centers known for metal crafts.
Leather Products
- Art of leather tanning has been documented since 3000 BCE.
- Traditional and modern uses of leather in products like bags, wallets, and footwear.
- Leather markets in Rajasthan, Kanpur, Chennai, Kolkata, and Maharashtra.
Wooden Work
- India's vast forest resources utilized in woodcraft.
- Notable centers for wooden furniture like Kashmir and Gujarat.
- Kashmiri lattice work and other exquisite woodwork.
Toy Making
- Toy manufacturing is an ancient art and industry.
- Evidence of toy carts from the Harappan civilization.
- Various toy materials including clay, paper, and wood.
- Regional specialties like Rajasthan's cloth dolls and Assamese pith dolls.
Stoneware
- Stone masonry and crafting are popular arts.
- Examples like rock-cut caves in Ajanta and Ellora, Khajuraho, and Sanchi.
- Shifting trends during the Mughal period to marble stonework.
Embroidery Craft
- Unique art of working raised designs with threads or wooden blocks on cloth.
- Techniques like Applique, Phulkari, and Aripana practiced in different regions.
Floor Designs
- Diverse floor art transcending regional boundaries.
- Geometric patterns like squares, circles, and triangles.
- Regional variations like Punjab's Chowkpurana designs and Rajasthan's Mandana.
