Relevance : Prelims and Mains: GS-1/Optional (Ancient Indian History)
Introduction (Republic vs Monarchy)
Republics and monarchies are two distinct forms of government that have shaped the political landscape of various countries throughout history. Here's a brief comparison between republics and monarchies:
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Republic |
Monarchy |
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1. People choose their government through voting. |
1. Rulers are decided based on heredity, not elections. |
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2. Rules are made for the welfare of the people. |
2. Laws are created by the monarch without public input. |
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3. People have the right to express their opinions and criticise the government. |
3. Citizens may not have the right to criticise or challenge the rules. |
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4. Every citizen is treated equally, regardless of background. |
4. In some cases, the ruler's actions might oppress the citizens. |
How were the Republics in Ancient India?
- Vedic Administration: Vedas describe at least two types of republican governance.
- Monarchy with elected rulers: The first type is like a monarchy where leaders are chosen by people, seen as a precursor to democracy.
- Republics without monarchy: The second type involves no monarchy, with a council or Sabha holding authority.
- Composition of sabhas: Sabhas comprised not only distinguished individuals but also active contributors.
- Shared authority: Sabhas shared power with the Samiti, consisting of common people, similar to today's two-house legislature.
- The Rig Veda mentions Vidhaata, gatherings where both men and women discussed policies, military matters, and critical issues, over a hundred times.
