Indian World Heritage Sites

The Ten Criteria for Outstanding Universal Value

1. Representing human creative genius. Exhibiting an important interchange of human values in various cultural areas.
2. Bearing exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or civilization.
3. Serving as an outstanding example of architecture, technology, or human history.
4. Representing a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use.
5. Being associated with living traditions, ideas, beliefs, or artistic and literary works of universal significance.
6. Containing superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty.
7. Representing significant stages in Earth's history or ongoing geological processes.
8. Demonstrating significant ongoing ecological and biological processes.
9. Holding the most important natural habitats for the in-situ conservation of biological diversity.
10. Legal Status of Designated Sites

Natural World Heritage Sites

Features

Kaziranga National Park, Assam (1985)

Kaziranga National Park, nestled in the northeastern state of Assam, is a remarkable habitat for the Indian one-horned rhinoceros. Sprawling over 430 square kilometers, this park is also home to numerous other species of mammals, birds, and reptiles. Its lush grasslands, wetlands, and forests make it a biodiversity hotspot and a significant refuge for endangered species.

Keoladeo Ghana National Park, Rajasthan (1985)

Also known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, this national park in Rajasthan is a paradise for bird enthusiasts. It is home to over 370 species of birds, including the famous Siberian cranes, which migrate here during the winter months. The park's marshes, woodlands, and grasslands create a perfect ecosystem for avian species.

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam (1985)

Located in the heart of the Eastern Himalayas, Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is a pristine expanse of biodiversity. This site is home to a vast range of rare and endangered species, including the Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, and Indian rhinoceros. Its unique blend of grasslands, forests, and wetlands is vital for the conservation of these species.

Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers, Uttarakhand (1988)

The Nanda Devi National Park, along with the Valley of Flowers, forms a striking combination of natural beauty in Uttarakhand. Nanda Devi, one of India's highest peaks, provides a stunning backdrop to these protected areas. The Valley of Flowers, known for its vibrant alpine blooms, is a spectacle of colors during the monsoon season. These sites collectively offer a visual and ecological feast for nature enthusiasts.

Sundarbans National Park, West Bengal (1987)

The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world and a crucial habitat for the Bengal tiger. Its intricate network of tidal waterways and unique mangrove ecosystem has earned it a well-deserved place among India's Natural World Heritage Sites. The park is not only home to tigers but also to saltwater crocodiles, Indian pythons, and a diverse array of birds.

Western Ghats, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala (2012)

The Western Ghats, a mountain range that runs parallel to India's western coast, is a treasure trove of biodiversity. It is one of the world's eight "hottest hotspots" of biological diversity. The Western Ghats house an incredible variety of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to the region. The range also plays a crucial role in the Indian monsoon system.

Great Himalayan National Park, Himachal Pradesh (2014)

The Great Himalayan National Park in Himachal Pradesh is a spectacular representation of the Himalayan mountain ecosystem. Its rich biodiversity includes the elusive snow leopard, blue sheep, and numerous bird species. The park also showcases a unique trans-Himalayan landscape.

Cultural Heritage Sites

Features

Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas, Karnataka (2023): 

A showcase of Hoysala Dynasty's architectural mastery through intricate temples.

Santiniketan, West Bengal (2023): 

A place of art, culture, and education founded by Rabindranath Tagore.

Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (2021): 

An architectural gem from the 13th century.

Dholavira:

Harappan City, Gujarat (2021): A well-preserved site from the ancient Indus Valley Civilization.

Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, Chandigarh (2016):

Modernist city designed by Le Corbusier.

Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai, Maharashtra (2018): 

A fusion of Victorian and Art Deco styles.

Historic City of Ahmedabad, Gujarat (2017): 

A city with a rich blend of architectural influences.

Jaipur City, Rajasthan (2020): 

Rajasthan's capital is known for its palaces and forts.

Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara (Nalanda University), Bihar (2016):

Ancient Buddhist university ruins.

Rani-Ki-Vav, Gujarat (2014): 

An ornate and intricate stepwell.

Hill Forts of Rajasthan, Rajasthan (2013): 

A collection of majestic hill forts, showcasing Rajasthan's rich history.

The Jantar Mantar, Rajasthan (2010): 

An astronomical observatory with fascinating architectural precision.

Red Fort Complex, Delhi (2007): 

An iconic symbol of India's struggle for independence.

Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, Gujarat (2004): 

An amalgamation of historical and architectural wonders.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Maharashtra (2004):

A stunning blend of Gothic and Indian architecture.

Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh (2003): 

A site with prehistoric cave paintings.

Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya, Bihar (2002): 

A sacred Buddhist pilgrimage site marking the Buddha's enlightenment.

Mountain Railways of India, Tamil Nadu (1999): 

Scenic railway routes in the Western and Eastern Ghats.

Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi (1993):

A precursor to the Taj Mahal, known for its stunning Mughal architecture.

Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993): 

A complex showcasing Indo-Islamic architecture.

Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh (1989): 

An ancient Buddhist complex with intricate stupas.

Elephanta Caves, Maharashtra (1987): 

A network of rock-cut cave temples dedicated to Lord Shiva.

Great Living Chola Temples, Tamil Nadu (1987): 

Temples representing the Chola Dynasty's grandeur.

Group of Monuments at Pattadakal, Karnataka (1987): 

A harmonious blend of North Indian and South Indian architectural styles.

Churches and Convents of Goa, Goa (1986): 

Historic churches showcasing Portuguese colonial influence.

Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh (1986): 

An abandoned Mughal city showcasing Mughal architecture.

Group of Monuments at Hampi, Karnataka (1986): 

The ruins of the grand Vijayanagara Empire.

Khajuraho Group of Monuments, Madhya Pradesh (1986): 

World-famous for its intricate erotic sculptures.

Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu (1984): 

Rock-cut monuments by the sea.

Sun Temple, Konarak, Orissa (1984): 

A magnificent temple dedicated to the Sun God.

Agra Fort, Uttar Pradesh (1983): 

A historic fort and UNESCO World Heritage Site in Agra, India.

Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra (1983): 

Ancient rock-cut cave complexes with exquisite Buddhist paintings.

Ellora Caves, Maharashtra (1983): 

Monolithic rock-cut temples representing multiple faiths.

Taj Mahal, Uttar Pradesh (1983): 

One of the world's most iconic architectural masterpieces.

Mixed World Heritage Site

Features

Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim (2016):

A mixed World Heritage site known for its stunning natural beauty and rich cultural significance. The park is home to unique biodiversity and is considered a sacred landscape by local communities, making it a perfect blend of nature and culture.